实验室检查值与电解质练习卷（附答案）

Which type of white blood cell is normally the most numerous in an adult's blood?

1. ANeutrophils
2. BMonocytes
3. CEosinophils
4. DLymphocytes

Which findings are typical of a low serum magnesium?

1. AJaundice, itching and pale stools
2. BTremor, hyperreflexia and cardiac arrhythmias
3. CPolyuria, extreme thirst and pale urine
4. DLoss of reflexes, flushing and slow breathing

What does the red cell distribution width (RDW) describe?

1. AHow long red cells survive in the blood
2. BHow many red cells are young cells
3. CHow much the red cells vary in size
4. DHow fast the red cells settle in a tube

A patient who is breathless during a transfusion has hypotension, fever and bilateral lung infiltrates, with no signs of fluid overload. Which complication is most likely?

1. ATransfusion-associated circulatory overload
2. BTransfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI)
3. CA mild febrile nonhemolytic reaction
4. DA simple allergic reaction with hives

A patient with central diabetes insipidus starts desmopressin. Which laboratory result is most important to monitor for an adverse effect?

1. ASerum sodium, which may fall too low
2. BSerum potassium, which may rise too high
3. CSerum glucose, which may rise very high
4. DSerum calcium, which may rise too high

When should a blood sample for a digoxin level be drawn to be interpreted correctly?

1. AAt least 6–8 hours after a dose, often just before the next one
2. BAt any time, because digoxin levels do not change during the day
3. COnly after a meal, because food is needed for absorption
4. DWithin 30 minutes after an oral dose to show the peak level

在对生长迅速的淋巴瘤化疗后，哪种结果模式提示肿瘤溶解综合征？

1. A低钾、低磷、低尿酸和高钙
2. B仅有高钠和低血糖
3. C高钾、高磷、高尿酸和低钙
4. D电解质正常，血红蛋白高

A patient receiving chemotherapy has a white cell count of 1.8 × 10³/µL with 20% neutrophils and 5% bands. What is the absolute neutrophil count (ANC)?

1. A1,800/µL
2. B360/µL
3. C450/µL
4. D4,500/µL