实验室检查值与电解质练习卷（附答案）

In a person with HIV infection, a CD4 count below which level defines AIDS?

1. A200 cells/µL
2. B1,000 cells/µL
3. C500 cells/µL
4. D50 cells/µL

A serum sodium of 151 mEq/L is called:

1. AHyponatremia
2. BHypercalcemia
3. CHyperkalemia
4. DHypernatremia

成人血清钠的典型参考范围是多少？

1. A3.5–5.0 mEq/L
2. B150–165 mEq/L
3. C135–145 mEq/L
4. D95–105 mEq/L

一名患者的左前臂正在输注静脉液体。护士应在何处采集血样？

1. A同一手臂上静脉输液部位的稍上方
2. B在输液进行时从静脉套管采集
3. C任何静脉均可，因为液体不影响结果
4. D对侧手臂

Why must a blue-top (citrate) coagulation tube be filled to the correct level?

1. AThe laboratory charges extra when a tube is not filled correctly
2. BThe blood-to-anticoagulant ratio must be right for accurate clotting times
3. CUnderfilled tubes always give a falsely low hemoglobin and hematocrit
4. DAn overfull tube is needed to measure the potassium level

一名患者钠为 152 mEq/L。护士预期会有哪些发现？

1. A体重增加，踝部肿胀
2. B口渴、黏膜干燥和烦躁不安
3. C肌肉抽搐，Trousseau 征阳性
4. D心动过缓，T 波高尖

A stable patient's hemoglobin has been 13–14 g/dL for days. Today's result is 8.2 g/dL, but the patient feels well, the vital signs are normal and there is no bleeding. What should the nurse suspect first?

1. AA sample taken from the wrong patient
2. BAcute bone marrow failure overnight
3. CA normal day-to-day variation in Hb
4. DSudden massive internal bleeding

A patient using an insulin pump has a glucose of 300 mg/dL (16.7 mmol/L) that has not fallen 2 hours after a correction bolus through the pump. Blood ketones are 1.8 mmol/L. What is the most likely problem and action?

1. ANormal pump function; wait for the next mealtime bolus to lower the glucose
2. BRebound after a hypo; give fast-acting carbohydrate and recheck in 15 minutes
3. CInsulin delivery failure; inject a correction dose by pen and change the set
4. DInsulin overdose from the pump; suspend the pump and stop all insulin for a day