实验室检查值与电解质练习卷（附答案）

How does dehydration usually affect the hematocrit?

1. AIt makes it zero
2. BIt has no effect
3. CIt lowers it
4. DIt raises it

What is the usual urine dipstick result for protein in a healthy adult?

1. AAlways moderately positive
2. BStrongly positive (+++)
3. CNegative or trace
4. DPositive only in the morning

In the US (NCEP ATP III) classification, which LDL cholesterol level is called optimal for an adult?

1. AAbout 190 mg/dL (4.9 mmol/L) or more
2. BAbout 160–189 mg/dL (4.1–4.9 mmol/L)
3. CBelow 100 mg/dL (2.6 mmol/L)
4. DAbout 220–260 mg/dL (5.7–6.7 mmol/L)

A patient with chronic kidney disease has a magnesium of 3.8 mEq/L (1.9 mmol/L). Which product is the most likely cause?

1. AExcess alcohol use over many years
2. BMagnesium-containing laxatives or antacids
3. CLoop diuretics such as furosemide
4. DProton pump inhibitors taken long term

How does normal pregnancy usually affect serum creatinine?

1. AIt falls, because GFR rises
2. BIt stays exactly the same
3. CIt rises with every week
4. DIt rises, because GFR falls

A patient on carbamazepine becomes confused and has a headache. Which laboratory result would most likely explain this?

1. AA low serum magnesium
2. BA high serum potassium
3. CA low serum sodium
4. DA high serum calcium

一名严重呕吐的患者钾 3.0 mEq/L，氯 88 mEq/L，碳酸氢盐高。这显示什么模式？

1. A高钾伴脱水所致的代谢性酸中毒
2. B伴高阴离子间隙的糖尿病酮症酸中毒
3. C结果正常，无需随访
4. D胃酸丢失：低钾、低氯、代谢性碱中毒

A patient's results: sodium 140 mEq/L, chloride 100 mEq/L, bicarbonate 12 mEq/L. What is the anion gap, and what does it suggest?

1. A40 mEq/L, a high anion gap
2. B12 mEq/L, a normal anion gap
3. C52 mEq/L, a very high anion gap
4. D28 mEq/L, a high anion gap