实验室检查值与电解质练习卷（附答案）

Why is glucose normally absent from the urine?

1. AThe glomeruli do not filter glucose out of the blood at any level
2. BThe bladder lining breaks down any glucose that reaches the urine
3. CThe tubules reabsorb all filtered glucose at normal blood levels
4. DGlucose is changed into ketones before it reaches the urine

Which laboratory test is used to monitor warfarin therapy?

1. APT with INR
2. BaPTT
3. CD-dimer
4. DPlatelet count

Chronic kidney disease is usually defined by an eGFR below which value for more than 3 months?

1. A120 mL/min/1.73 m²
2. B60 mL/min/1.73 m²
3. C90 mL/min/1.73 m²
4. D15 mL/min/1.73 m²

A patient with hyperkalemia received IV regular insulin with dextrose. Which result must the nurse monitor closely over the next hours?

1. ABlood glucose, because hypoglycemia can occur
2. BSerum sodium, because it rises quickly
3. CHemoglobin, because insulin causes red cell loss
4. DSerum calcium, because it falls sharply

哪个因素最可能使患者的血锂水平升高？

1. A脱水或钠摄入突然减少
2. B连续几天比平时多吃盐
3. C每次随餐服药而不是餐前服药
4. D在炎热天气比平时多喝液体

一名患者血细胞比容 54%，BUN 高，尿比重 1.034。这种模式提示什么？

1. A急性失血伴稀释
2. B肾衰竭伴尿液稀释
3. C液体过载
4. D脱水伴血液浓缩

A 68-year-old man has fatigue, a hemoglobin of 9.8 g/dL (98 g/L), an MCV of 72 fL and a low ferritin. He eats a normal diet. What is the most important next step?

1. ALook for a source of blood loss in the gut
2. BGive iron and do no further tests at all
3. CStart vitamin B₁₂ injections
4. DRepeat the blood count in one year

A patient taking an SGLT2 inhibitor has nausea and fast breathing. Glucose 190 mg/dL (10.5 mmol/L), pH 7.15, bicarbonate 10 mEq/L, blood ketones high. What is the most likely diagnosis?

1. AHyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
2. BRespiratory acidosis from COPD
3. CEuglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis
4. DSimple fasting ketosis only