实验室检查值与电解质练习卷（附答案）

What is a typical reference range for the reticulocyte count in an adult?

1. AAbout 0.01–0.05% of red cells
2. BAbout 0.5–2% of red cells
3. CAbout 10–20% of red cells
4. DAbout 40–50% of red cells

The sweat chloride test is used to diagnose which condition?

1. ASickle cell disease
2. BCystic fibrosis
3. CHypothyroidism
4. DDiabetes mellitus

What is the main role of fibrinogen in the blood?

1. AIt is converted to fibrin, which forms the mesh of a clot
2. BIt carries oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues
3. CIt transports iron from the gut to the bone marrow
4. DIt breaks down clots once the bleeding has stopped

为什么肝衰竭患者即使没有服用华法林，INR 也可能升高？

1. A肝脏合成大多数凝血因子，因此合成减少
2. B肾脏不再从血液中清除凝血因子
3. C胆红素直接破坏凝血因子
4. D白蛋白是一种凝血因子，其水平下降

哪一组表现符合高钙血症？

1. A便秘、疲劳、意识模糊和肾结石
2. B仅有 T 波高尖和肌无力
3. C仅有口渴和非常稀的尿液
4. D手足搐搦、肌肉痉挛和 Chvostek 征阳性

A patient scheduled for surgery this morning has a potassium of 3.0 mEq/L on pre-operative tests. What should the nurse do?

1. AReport it to the surgical team before surgery
2. BGive an oral potassium dose without a prescription
3. CSend the patient to surgery without comment
4. DRepeat the test after the surgery is finished

一名患者 24 小时前大量过量服用对乙酰氨基酚（扑热息痛）。最预期出现哪些实验室改变？

1. AALT 和 AST 非常高，INR 上升
2. B白细胞计数低而肝功能检查正常
3. CALT 和 AST 低，INR 低
4. D肌钙蛋白高而 ALT 正常

哪项发现最有力地提示患者肌酐升高是由于急性肾损伤，而不是长期的慢性肾脏病？

1. A患者长期贫血
2. B三天前肌酐正常，此后翻了一倍
3. C患者超声检查显示肾脏缩小
4. D患者多年来肌酐一直偏高