实验室检查值与电解质练习卷（附答案）

细胞外液中的主要阴离子是哪种离子？

1. A磷酸盐
2. B氯
3. C钾
4. D碳酸氢盐

What is a typical adult reference range for serum chloride?

1. AAbout 22–28 mEq/L
2. BAbout 135–145 mEq/L
3. CAbout 98–106 mEq/L
4. DAbout 3.5–5.0 mEq/L

Why is "free T₄" often measured rather than total T₄?

1. AThe free form is the form excreted in urine
2. BThe free form is the only form made by the gland
3. CThe free form is the unbound, active hormone
4. DThe free form is stored inside the pituitary

A patient with hyponatremia from SIADH starts tolvaptan. Why is the serum sodium checked frequently in the first day?

1. AThe sodium always falls further
2. BThe sodium can rise too quickly
3. CThe drug lowers blood glucose sharply
4. DThe drug causes severe hyperkalemia

为什么慢性肾脏病患者常有贫血？

1. A肾病时的高钾使红细胞破裂
2. B肾脏产生的促红细胞生成素减少，而它驱动红细胞的生成
3. C尿毒症毒素使骨髓生成白细胞而不是红细胞
4. D受损的肾脏过滤并破坏红细胞

A patient with a potassium of 2.8 mEq/L has potassium chloride prescribed IV. Which statement about giving it is correct?

1. AIt is always diluted and given by infusion pump, never as an IV push
2. BIt is added to the IV bag without mixing, so it stays at the bottom
3. CIt may be given as a slow IV push over one minute if the level is very low
4. DIt is given as an undiluted bolus into a large vein to avoid irritation

在对生长迅速的淋巴瘤化疗后，哪种结果模式提示肿瘤溶解综合征？

1. A低钾、低磷、低尿酸和高钙
2. B高钾、高磷、高尿酸和低钙
3. C电解质正常，血红蛋白高
4. D仅有高钠和低血糖

The nurse prepares a patient for a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test tomorrow morning. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I'll fast overnight but can drink plain water"
2. B"I can have a light breakfast before the test"
3. C"I'll stay seated during the test if I can"
4. D"I'll avoid smoking until the test is over"