实验室检查值与电解质练习卷（附答案）

Using American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria, a fasting plasma glucose of 100–125 mg/dL (5.6–6.9 mmol/L) is classed as:

1. AType 1 diabetes mellitus
2. BNormal fasting glucose for an adult
3. CMild hypoglycemia (low glucose)
4. DPrediabetes (impaired fasting glucose)

What does a raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) show?

1. AA low level of iron stored in the bone marrow
2. BInflammation somewhere in the body, without showing where
3. CDamage to heart muscle within the past few hours
4. DA specific infection of the urinary tract by bacteria

In a standard 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test, what does the patient do?

1. AReceives an insulin injection, and glucose is checked each hour
2. BFasts for 3 days, and glucose is checked every morning before breakfast
3. CDrinks a measured glucose solution, and glucose is checked 2 hours later
4. DEats a normal meal, and glucose is checked once later that evening

A patient has a hot, swollen big toe. The serum uric acid is normal. Which statement is correct?

1. AGout is still possible, as urate can be normal in an attack
2. BGout is certain, as a normal urate proves the diagnosis
3. CGout can only be diagnosed with a CT scan of the foot
4. DGout is ruled out, as uric acid is always high in an attack

A patient with diabetes also takes propranolol. Why is regular glucose monitoring especially important?

1. AThe drug blocks the insulin injection site
2. BThe drug stops the meter from reading correctly
3. CThe drug causes very high glucose in all patients
4. DThe drug can mask warning signs of hypoglycemia

一名室性心律失常患者的监护仪上显示扭转样图形（尖端扭转型室速）。常静脉给予哪种电解质作为治疗？

1. A磷酸钾
2. B碳酸钙
3. C硫酸镁
4. D碳酸氢钠

The nurse teaches a patient who is starting warfarin. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"If I miss a dose, I will take two tablets the next day"
2. B"I will keep my intake of green leafy vegetables about the same"
3. C"I will tell my dentist and pharmacist that I take warfarin"
4. D"I will have my INR checked as often as I am told to"

A patient using an insulin pump has a glucose of 300 mg/dL (16.7 mmol/L) that has not fallen 2 hours after a correction bolus through the pump. Blood ketones are 1.8 mmol/L. What is the most likely problem and action?

1. ANormal pump function; wait for the next mealtime bolus to lower the glucose
2. BInsulin delivery failure; inject a correction dose by pen and change the set
3. CRebound after a hypo; give fast-acting carbohydrate and recheck in 15 minutes
4. DInsulin overdose from the pump; suspend the pump and stop all insulin for a day