内外科护理：心血管与呼吸练习卷（附答案）

During cardiac arrest, how is adrenaline (epinephrine) usually given?

1. AIntravenously or by the intraosseous route
2. BBy inhalation through a nebuliser mask
3. CBy mouth, crushed and given with water
4. DBy subcutaneous injection into the abdomen

Amlodipine belongs to which drug class?

1. AAngiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
2. BCardioselective beta-blockers
3. CLoop diuretics
4. DCalcium channel blockers

Which pain description is typical of an acute aortic dissection?

1. ASudden, severe tearing pain that spreads to the back
2. BBurning pain after meals that eases with antacids
3. CCramping calf pain that eases with a short rest
4. DDull ache that slowly builds over several days

How should a patient breathe in when using a dry powder inhaler?

1. ASlowly and gently over about ten seconds
2. BSeveral times, breathing out into the device between breaths
3. CQuickly and deeply, after breathing out away from the device
4. DThrough the nose with the mouthpiece in the mouth

哪项建议有助于预防长途飞行或手术后的 DVT？

1. A定期做踝关节运动并摄入足够的液体
2. B少喝水，以免起身上厕所
3. C为了舒适翘着二郎腿坐
4. D在膝盖下方戴紧的松紧带

Which position is usually best for the legs of a patient with chronic venous insufficiency and ankle swelling?

1. AKept still in a standing position for long periods
2. BRaised above the level of the heart when resting
3. CHanging down over the side of the bed
4. DCrossed at the knees while sitting

一名呼吸困难的患者使用 15 L/min 的非重复呼吸面罩，储氧袋在每次呼吸时都完全塌陷。护士应怎么做？

1. A检查氧气供应和流量，使储氧袋保持充盈
2. B不处理，因为储氧袋塌陷说明密封良好
3. C取下储氧袋，因为面罩没有它也能工作
4. D将流量减至 2 L/min 以阻止储氧袋塌陷

肝素输注第 6 天，患者血小板计数下降超过一半，并且一侧手臂新出现肿胀。护士应预期什么？

1. A改用低分子量肝素，因为它是另一种药
2. B继续使用肝素并输注血小板
3. C停用所有抗凝治疗两周
4. D停用所有肝素，并开始使用非肝素类抗凝药