内外科护理：心血管与呼吸练习卷（附答案）

Which sign often appears earliest in hypovolaemic shock in an adult?

1. AA rising heart rate
2. BA systolic pressure below 70 mmHg
3. CA slow, bounding pulse
4. DFixed, dilated pupils

Which serious complication is strongly linked with untreated hypertension?

1. AAsthma
2. BStroke
3. CPneumonia
4. DCataract

对吸烟者来说，哪项干预最能有效延缓 COPD 的进展？

1. A长期口服抗生素
2. B戒烟
3. C每日口服皮质类固醇
4. D长期家庭氧疗

Which investigation is most often used to confirm a pulmonary embolism?

1. ASputum culture
2. BPeak flow measurement
3. CAbdominal ultrasound
4. DCT pulmonary angiography

A patient in cardiac rehabilitation asks how hard to exercise. Which simple guide is commonly taught?

1. AExercise until chest pain starts, then stop
2. BExercise so they are a little breathless but can still talk
3. CExercise only until the heart rate rises even slightly
4. DExercise until they are too breathless to speak at all

Why must intravenous potassium chloride never be given as a rapid push or undiluted?

1. AIt immediately lowers the blood glucose to dangerous levels
2. BIt turns into solid crystals inside the vein and blocks it
3. CA sudden high potassium level can cause cardiac arrest
4. DIt works only when given by mouth

A patient with pneumonia has a temperature of 39 °C, pain and a sinus tachycardia of 122/min. BP is normal. What is the best way to manage the heart rate?

1. AArrange urgent electrical cardioversion to restore a normal rate
2. BTreat the fever, pain and possible dehydration, then reassess
3. CGive a beta-blocker to bring the heart rate below 100/min
4. DGive IV adenosine

A ventilated patient with severe ARDS is to be turned prone. What is the main reason, and the key nursing risk?

1. AIt treats infection; the risk is fever
2. BIt improves digestion and gut motility; the main risk is constipation
3. CIt improves oxygenation; risks are pressure injury and tube displacement
4. DIt lowers the blood pressure; the main risk is rebound hypertension