内外科护理：心血管与呼吸练习卷（附答案）

How does CPAP help in obstructive sleep apnoea?

1. AIt removes carbon dioxide through a filter
2. BConstant positive pressure holds the upper airway open
3. CIt delivers a drug that relaxes the airway muscles overnight
4. DIt slows the breathing rate during sleep

Which structure is the heart's natural pacemaker?

1. AThe sinoatrial (SA) node
2. BThe bundle of His
3. CThe Purkinje fibres
4. DThe atrioventricular (AV) node

护士应如何检查心房颤动患者的脉搏短绌？

1. A一人同时触摸双侧颈动脉搏动
2. B两人同时数心尖搏动和桡动脉搏动，持续一分钟
3. C一人数桡动脉搏动 15 秒再乘以四
4. D从脉搏血氧仪的显示屏上读取心率

Which advice is most helpful for a patient with Raynaud's phenomenon?

1. ATake a decongestant tablet before going outdoors
2. BSoak the hands in cold water to toughen the vessels
3. CRub the fingers hard with snow during an attack
4. DKeep the whole body warm, wear gloves and stop smoking

一名服用华法林的患者开始每天吃大量菠菜和羽衣甘蓝沙拉。主要的担忧是什么？

1. A额外的维生素 K 可能使 INR 降低
2. B食物与华法林之间没有相互作用
3. C额外的维生素 K 可能使 INR 升高
4. D服用华法林时，绿色蔬菜会损害肝脏

为什么右心室梗死时使用硝酸酯类要格外谨慎？

1. A右心室受累时硝酸酯类不被吸收
2. B硝酸酯类使梗死扩展到左心室
3. C右心室依赖前负荷，血压可能急剧下降
4. D硝酸酯类在此类梗死中会引起危险的高钾血症

Thirty minutes after extubation, a patient develops a high-pitched noise on breathing in and is anxious. SpO₂ is falling. What should the nurse do?

1. AEncourage the patient to sleep it off and recheck them in an hour
2. BGive a large drink of cold water to soothe the throat and settle it
3. CLay the patient flat and reassure them
4. DSit the patient up, give oxygen and call for urgent airway help

A patient with known left-sided lung cancer starts coughing up large amounts of fresh blood. While help is called, how should the patient be positioned?

1. ALying on the right side, with the bleeding lung up
2. BLying on the left side, with the bleeding lung down
3. CFlat on the back with the head down
4. DProne with the head turned to one side