内外科护理：心血管与呼吸练习卷（附答案）

Amlodipine belongs to which drug class?

1. ACalcium channel blockers
2. BCardioselective beta-blockers
3. CAngiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
4. DLoop diuretics

What is atelectasis?

1. ACollapse of part of the lung so the alveoli contain no air
2. BInfection of the lung tissue causing the alveoli to fill with pus
3. CFluid in the space around the lung
4. DNarrowing of the airways caused by spasm of smooth muscle

治疗心绞痛时，硝酸甘油（glyceryl trinitrate）喷雾或片剂应如何使用？

1. A舌下含服，患者笔直站立
2. B用一杯水整片吞服
3. C饭后嚼碎吞下
4. D舌下含服，患者取坐位

Why must intravenous potassium chloride never be given as a rapid push or undiluted?

1. AIt works only when given by mouth
2. BIt immediately lowers the blood glucose to dangerous levels
3. CA sudden high potassium level can cause cardiac arrest
4. DIt turns into solid crystals inside the vein and blocks it

How is the jugular venous pressure usually assessed?

1. APatient sitting upright with the arms raised above the head
2. BPatient lying completely flat with the head turned to the right
3. CPatient reclined at 45° with the head turned slightly to the left
4. DPatient standing with the neck flexed forward

哪项实验室检查用于调整普通肝素的输注？

1. AaPTT（或抗 Xa 水平）
2. B血清纤维蛋白原水平
3. CINR（国际标准化比值）
4. DD-二聚体水平

Three hours after femoral cardiac catheterisation, a patient has new lower back and flank pain, a heart rate of 112/min and BP 92/60 mmHg. The groin looks normal. What should the nurse suspect?

1. ARetroperitoneal bleeding
2. BAn allergic reaction to the contrast
3. CNormal back ache from lying flat
4. DA urinary tract infection

重症监护室一名使用呼吸机的患者有发生呼吸机相关性肺炎的风险。哪项护理措施有助于降低这种风险？

1. A将床头抬高 30–45°
2. B每隔几小时更换一次呼吸机管路
3. C让患者平躺以保护气管插管
4. D避免口腔护理以防牙龈出血