内外科护理：心血管与呼吸练习卷（附答案）

哪种饮食改变最能降低血压？

1. A多喝果汁，少喝水
2. B多吃红肉，少吃面包
3. C多喝咖啡，少喝加糖碳酸饮料
4. D减少盐，多吃水果和蔬菜

What is the approximate tidal volume of a resting adult?

1. AAbout 5 litres
2. BAbout 50 mL
3. CAbout 1.5 litres
4. DAbout 500 mL

In hospital, how is oxygen therapy treated?

1. AAs a comfort measure that needs no prescription or monitoring
2. BAs a medicine that needs a prescription with a target range
3. CAs a treatment kept only for patients who are near the end of life
4. DAs a treatment that patients adjust themselves

How should a patient with asthma record their peak flow at home?

1. ABlow only during an asthma attack, never when well
2. BTake one gentle blow once a week, at any time of day
3. CTake the average of ten blows after exercise
4. DTake the best of three blows, ideally morning and evening

Why is pyridoxine (vitamin B6) often given with isoniazid?

1. ATo prevent orange discolouration of urine
2. BTo prevent gout attacks
3. CTo prevent peripheral neuropathy
4. DTo prevent loss of colour vision

Why is a higher level of HDL cholesterol considered protective?

1. AHDL carries cholesterol from the tissues back to the liver
2. BHDL is converted into vitamin D in the walls of the arteries
3. CHDL lowers the blood pressure directly
4. DHDL thins the blood in the same way as an anticoagulant

A patient with small-cell lung cancer becomes confused. Sodium is 122 mmol/L (122 mEq/L) with concentrated urine, and there are no signs of dehydration. What is the most likely cause?

1. ASyndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion
2. BExcess salt in the diet over several weeks
3. CCranial diabetes insipidus from brain metastases
4. DSevere dehydration from poor oral intake

Twelve hours after a coronary stent, a patient has sudden severe chest pain again with new ST elevation in the same leads. What is the most likely cause?

1. AIndigestion from the hospital meal
2. BAcute stent thrombosis
3. CPericarditis from the catheter
4. DNormal pain from the procedure site