内外科护理：心血管与呼吸练习卷（附答案）

Where in the kidney does furosemide mainly act?

1. AThe glomerulus
2. BThe loop of Henle
3. CThe collecting duct only
4. DThe renal artery

Legionnaires' disease is usually acquired from which source?

1. AContaminated water systems such as cooling towers and showers
2. BMosquito bites when travelling in warm, humid countries
3. CContact with cats' litter trays while cleaning them at home
4. DEating undercooked chicken or eggs bought from a market stall

Which chamber of the heart pumps blood into the aorta?

1. AThe right atrium
2. BThe left ventricle
3. CThe left atrium
4. DThe right ventricle

为什么鼓励重度 COPD 患者少量多餐？

1. A频繁进餐可直接预防胸部感染
2. B大餐会使气道永久性变窄
3. C胃饱胀会限制膈肌活动，而且进食本身就很累
4. D少量进餐可减少使用吸入器的次数

What is the main difference between CPAP and bilevel NIV (often called BiPAP)?

1. ACPAP is mainly used to lower a raised PaCO₂ in COPD exacerbations
2. BCPAP is given only through a tracheostomy
3. CBilevel NIV gives oxygen only, without any positive airway pressure
4. DBilevel NIV adds a higher inspiratory pressure, helping remove CO₂

Why does a large, rapidly forming pericardial effusion lower the blood pressure?

1. AIt dilates the arteries throughout the body
2. BIt causes the aortic valve to leak backwards into the ventricle
3. CIt makes the heart muscle contract too strongly and too fast
4. DIt compresses the heart and stops the ventricles filling

一名肺炎患者使用经鼻高流量氧疗，流量 50 L/min，FiO₂ 0.6，SpO₂ 90%，呼吸频率 34 次/分，并使用辅助呼吸肌。最恰当的措施是什么？

1. A继续同样的支持，四小时后复查
2. B紧急上报重症监护，评估呼吸支持
3. C改为 4 L/min 鼻导管，以减轻鼻腔干燥
4. D让患者平躺，使呼吸肌得以休息

Hours after surgery to restore blood flow to an ischaemic leg, the patient has severe calf pain that is worse when the toes are moved passively, and the calf feels tense. What should the nurse suspect?

1. ACompartment syndrome from reperfusion swelling
2. BA superficial thrombophlebitis of the long saphenous vein
3. CExpected postoperative pain from the leg wound
4. DCramp from lying still in bed