内外科护理：心血管与呼吸练习卷（附答案）

Which side effect is particularly linked with spironolactone in men?

1. AA persistent dry, tickly cough
2. BBreast enlargement (gynaecomastia)
3. CHair loss on the scalp and eyebrows
4. DOrange-red colouring of the urine

哪些患者群体最可能发生没有典型胸痛的心肌梗死？

1. A吸烟者以及高胆固醇或肥胖者
2. B年轻男性和经常运动的人
3. C老年人、女性和糖尿病患者
4. D青少年和哮喘患者

对服用抗凝药的患者，应给予哪项建议？

1. A从现在起避免吃所有绿叶蔬菜
2. B一出现小瘀斑就漏服一次药
3. C使用软毛牙刷，并报告异常出血
4. D任何疼痛都服用布洛芬而不是对乙酰氨基酚

为什么缺血性心脏病患者不应突然停用 β 受体阻滞剂？

1. A停药后心率会永久性变慢
2. B药物会在组织中储存数月
3. C反跳性心动过速和高血压可诱发心绞痛或心肌梗死
4. D突然停药会引起严重而持久的低血糖

Why is intravenous furosemide given slowly rather than as a rapid push of a large dose?

1. ASlow injection makes the urine output larger
2. BRapid high doses can damage hearing
3. CRapid doses cause severe constipation
4. DRapid doses cause the potassium level to rise

A patient has episodes of severe headache, sweating and palpitations with very high blood pressure. Which rare cause should be considered?

1. AAortic stenosis
2. BAsthma
3. CStable angina
4. DPhaeochromocytoma

通常教授的胸腔引流管拔除方法是哪种？

1. A在屏气或呼气时拔除，然后封闭伤口
2. B拔除后让伤口敞开引流一天
3. C在负压吸引仍以最大功率运行时拔除
4. D在患者缓慢深吸气的同时慢慢拔除

A patient with COPD who is known to retain CO₂ arrives on 15 L/min oxygen. They are now drowsy with SpO₂ 99%. What is the most appropriate action?

1. AKeep the oxygen at 15 L/min because the saturation is excellent
2. BReduce the oxygen to aim for 88–92% and get a blood gas
3. CRemove the oxygen completely and observe
4. DGive a sedative to help the patient rest