内外科护理：心血管与呼吸练习卷（附答案）

Which test is classically used to diagnose cystic fibrosis?

1. AD-dimer test
2. BPeak flow test
3. CSweat chloride test
4. DTuberculin skin test

What is pitting oedema?

1. AA small sore that forms on the shin
2. BSwelling that keeps a dent for a while after firm pressure
3. CRedness of the skin that turns white when it is pressed
4. DSwelling that is hard and does not dent at all when pressed

哪种体位通常能帮助 COPD 急性加重的患者更容易呼吸？

1. A平躺仰卧，双腿用枕头抬高
2. B侧卧，头部放低
3. C坐起，身体前倾，手臂有支撑
4. D在硬床垫上俯卧

How is the jugular venous pressure usually assessed?

1. APatient standing with the neck flexed forward
2. BPatient sitting upright with the arms raised above the head
3. CPatient reclined at 45° with the head turned slightly to the left
4. DPatient lying completely flat with the head turned to the right

一名心力衰竭患者在服用 ACE 抑制剂的基础上开始使用螺内酯。哪项血液检查结果需要密切监测？

1. A钙，因为两种药都可能使其降低
2. B钾，因为两种药都可能使其升高
3. C血红蛋白，因为两种药都可能引起出血
4. D血糖，因为两种药都可能引起低血糖

During an episode of chest pain, a patient's ECG shows new horizontal ST depression. What does this most likely indicate?

1. AA normal finding during pain
2. BMyocardial ischaemia
3. CHyperkalaemia
4. DPericarditis

A 74-year-old with atrial fibrillation, hypertension and diabetes asks why she needs an anticoagulant when she feels well. Which reply is best?

1. AIt is needed only while she has palpitations
2. BIt is given to lower her blood pressure
3. CThe anticoagulant will stop the irregular heartbeat for good
4. DHer risk of stroke is high, and an anticoagulant lowers it

A patient with a tracheostomy suddenly becomes distressed, and a suction catheter will not pass down the tube. What should the nurse do first?

1. AIncrease the oxygen and wait
2. BRemove the inner cannula
3. CGive a nebulised bronchodilator
4. DInflate the cuff with more air