内外科护理：心血管与呼吸练习卷（附答案）

Which precautions are needed for a patient with suspected infectious pulmonary tuberculosis?

1. AAirborne precautions with a respirator mask
2. BStandard precautions only
3. CContact precautions with gloves only
4. DProtective isolation for the patient's own sake

哪种饮食改变最能降低血压？

1. A减少盐，多吃水果和蔬菜
2. B多喝咖啡，少喝加糖碳酸饮料
3. C多吃红肉，少吃面包
4. D多喝果汁，少喝水

Which examination findings are typical of a large pleural effusion?

1. ANormal percussion and bronchial breathing
2. BHyper-resonance and a loud wheeze over the affected side
3. CDullness to percussion and reduced breath sounds
4. DCoarse crackles that clear on coughing

A patient takes both digoxin and furosemide. Why does the nurse watch the potassium level closely?

1. AHigh potassium is the main effect of furosemide
2. BPotassium has no link with either medicine
3. CLow potassium increases the risk of digoxin toxicity
4. DLow potassium makes digoxin stop working completely

After coronary artery bypass surgery through a median sternotomy, which instruction is usually given for the first several weeks?

1. AAvoid heavy lifting and pushing up with the arms
2. BAvoid walking until the stitches are removed
3. CLift the arms above the head often to stretch the chest
4. DSleep only on the stomach to protect the wound

Why is a higher level of HDL cholesterol considered protective?

1. AHDL is converted into vitamin D in the walls of the arteries
2. BHDL lowers the blood pressure directly
3. CHDL thins the blood in the same way as an anticoagulant
4. DHDL carries cholesterol from the tissues back to the liver

A patient with infective endocarditis is on IV gentamicin with another antibiotic. Which monitoring is most important?

1. ADrug levels, renal function and hearing or balance changes
2. BBlood glucose only
3. CLiver size by daily palpation and weekly abdominal ultrasound
4. DPeak flow readings and spirometry before and after each dose

A patient with a confirmed type A aortic dissection is hypertensive and tachycardic while awaiting surgery. Which drug class is usually given first to lower the heart rate and blood pressure?

1. AAn intravenous thrombolytic
2. BAn intravenous fluid bolus
3. COral aspirin
4. DAn intravenous beta-blocker