内外科护理：心血管与呼吸练习卷（附答案）

Which finding on abdominal examination suggests an abdominal aortic aneurysm?

1. AA pulsating mass around the umbilicus
2. BA tender lump in the right iliac fossa
3. CLoud, high-pitched bowel sounds
4. DA dull area that shifts when the patient turns

How should glyceryl trinitrate (nitroglycerin) sublingual tablets be stored?

1. AIn direct sunlight on the windowsill
2. BIn their original container, away from heat and light
3. CLoose in a pocket or a plastic pill box for easy access
4. DIn the fridge, mixed in one bottle with their other tablets

肝素或阿哌沙班等抗凝药的主要作用是什么？

1. A阻止血小板相互黏附
2. B在手术或出血后提高血小板计数
3. C预防新血栓形成，并阻止已有血栓增大
4. D在几分钟内将已有血栓完全溶解

Which side effect is particularly common with verapamil?

1. AHair loss
2. BDry cough
3. CConstipation
4. DDiarrhoea

Before the first treatment dose of a low-molecular-weight heparin for a PE, what does the nurse need to make sure of?

1. AA chest drain is in place
2. BThe patient has fasted for 12 hours
3. CThe patient's blood glucose is above 10 mmol/L (180 mg/dL)
4. DAn accurate, recent body weight is recorded

A patient has exercise-induced asthma. Which advice is most appropriate?

1. AUse the reliever inhaler shortly before exercise and warm up
2. BExercise only in cold, dry air to toughen the airways
3. CTake a beta-blocker before exercise
4. DAvoid all forms of exercise permanently to prevent attacks

一名 COPD 患者将带着长期氧疗回家。哪项宣教要点对安全最重要？

1. A用凡士林缓解鼻腔干燥
2. B绝不吸烟，也不要让明火靠近氧气
3. C把备用氧气瓶存放在灶具旁边
4. D呼吸困难时可以把流量调到需要的最大值

一名心力衰竭患者三天内体重增加 2.5 kg，双肺底出现新的湿啰音，现在需要垫四个枕头睡觉。血压 138/84 mmHg，未吸氧时 SpO₂ 93%。优先处理是什么？

1. A让患者平躺以让心脏休息、降低需求
2. B记录体重，下周末再复查
3. C让患者坐起，全面评估并报告液体过多
4. D鼓励多喝水以保护肾脏