内外科护理：心血管与呼吸练习卷（附答案）

哪项症状是外周动脉疾病的典型症状？

1. A踝部肿胀白天加重，夜间减轻
2. B踝部周围皮肤瘙痒并呈棕色
3. C单侧小腿发热、发红、肿胀
4. D行走时小腿痉挛，休息后缓解

下列哪项表现最典型地提示右心衰竭？

1. A下垂部位水肿和颈静脉压升高
2. B仅在平卧时呼吸困难
3. C粉红色泡沫痰和双肺底细湿啰音
4. D夜间憋醒、喘不过气

成人使用标准鼻导管吸氧，通常的流量范围是多少？

1. A1–6 L/min
2. B20–40 L/min
3. C0.1–0.2 L/min
4. D10–15 L/min

一名胸痛患者要求使用硝酸甘油（glyceryl trinitrate）。哪项信息意味着护士应暂停给药并联系开处方者？

1. A患者上周有过头痛
2. B患者的血压为 150/90 mmHg
3. C患者今天早些时候服用了西地那非
4. D患者每天服用他汀

A patient with COPD is prescribed long-term oxygen therapy. How many hours a day is it usually needed to improve survival?

1. AOnly during meals
2. BAbout one hour each morning
3. CAt least 15 hours a day
4. DOnly when walking outside

Virchow's triad describes three factors that promote venous thrombosis. Which patient factor represents venous stasis?

1. ATaking an oestrogen-containing pill
2. BImmobility after major surgery
3. CDamage to a vein during hip surgery
4. DAn inherited clotting disorder

The stump of a recent below-knee amputation suddenly bleeds heavily through the dressing. What should the nurse do first?

1. ARemove all the dressings and wait for the bleeding to stop by itself
2. BApply firm direct pressure and call for urgent surgical help
3. CApply a warm compress to the stump
4. DEncourage the patient to walk on crutches to ease the pressure

A nurse teaches a patient with heart failure who takes ramipril and spironolactone. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I will weigh myself every morning after I go to the toilet."
2. B"I will avoid ibuprofen for my joint pain."
3. C"I will call if I gain weight quickly or get more breathless."
4. D"I will use a salt substitute instead of ordinary salt."