内外科护理：心血管与呼吸练习卷（附答案）

下列哪项表现最典型地提示右心衰竭？

1. A下垂部位水肿和颈静脉压升高
2. B夜间憋醒、喘不过气
3. C粉红色泡沫痰和双肺底细湿啰音
4. D仅在平卧时呼吸困难

成人使用标准鼻导管吸氧，通常的流量范围是多少？

1. A10–15 L/min
2. B0.1–0.2 L/min
3. C20–40 L/min
4. D1–6 L/min

心力衰竭患者每天什么时候称体重最合适？

1. A每周一次，用病房里当天恰好空闲的任何一台秤
2. B只要患者报告气促加重时
3. C每天早晨排尿后、早餐前，使用同一台秤
4. D每天晚上正餐后，穿同样的日常衣服

一名外周动脉疾病患者夜间腿痛。哪种体位可能缓解疼痛？

1. A双腿垂在床边
2. B把热水袋直接放在脚上
3. C用加压绷带包裹双腿
4. D用枕头把双腿抬到高于心脏的位置

Which side effect is particularly common with verapamil?

1. AHair loss
2. BDiarrhoea
3. CConstipation
4. DDry cough

How is a patient usually positioned for a thoracentesis?

1. ASitting upright and leaning forward over a table
2. BFlat on the back with the legs raised
3. CProne with the arms by the sides
4. DLying on the affected side with the head down

一名 COPD 急性加重且 CO₂ 潴留的患者被开具雾化支气管扩张剂。雾化器通常应如何驱动？

1. A尽可能长时间用 15 L/min 的氧气驱动
2. B用 6–8 L/min 的氧气驱动，且不监测饱和度
3. C用压缩空气驱动，另用鼻导管给予控制性氧疗
4. D不用气流，让患者深呼吸

Four surgical patients need VTE prevention. For which patient is mechanical prophylaxis alone most appropriate?

1. AAn obese patient after hip surgery
2. BA patient who had a brain haemorrhage two days ago
3. CA patient with cancer having bowel surgery
4. DA patient after an uncomplicated knee replacement