内外科护理：心血管与呼吸练习卷（附答案）

In which situation can a pulse oximeter show a falsely normal reading?

1. AA warm hand at rest
2. BBreathing room air
3. CA regular pulse of 80/min
4. DCarbon monoxide poisoning

What is the role of surfactant in the lungs?

1. AIt kills bacteria that reach the alveoli from the air
2. BIt lowers surface tension so the alveoli stay open
3. CIt carries oxygen across the membrane into the blood
4. DIt moves mucus up towards the throat

When is pneumonia classed as hospital-acquired?

1. AWhen it starts within the first hour after admission
2. BOnly when it is caused by a virus
3. CWhen it starts 48 hours or more after admission
4. DWhen the patient had symptoms before admission

Which ECG change is classically linked with hyperkalaemia?

1. AA sawtooth baseline
2. BTall, peaked T waves
3. CProminent U waves
4. DDelta waves before the QRS

一名服用华法林的患者开始每天吃大量菠菜和羽衣甘蓝沙拉。主要的担忧是什么？

1. A服用华法林时，绿色蔬菜会损害肝脏
2. B额外的维生素 K 可能使 INR 升高
3. C食物与华法林之间没有相互作用
4. D额外的维生素 K 可能使 INR 降低

A patient on nasal cannula oxygen breathes mainly through the mouth. What is the most accurate statement?

1. AIt can still work, because oxygen collects in the nasopharynx
2. BIt has no effect at all in mouth breathers and must be stopped
3. CThe cannula should be placed in the mouth
4. DThe flow must be increased to 15 L/min to make it work at all

A patient taking warfarin for AF falls and hits their head. An hour later they are drowsy and have vomited. What is the priority?

1. AWithhold tonight's warfarin and review tomorrow
2. BGive paracetamol (acetaminophen) and a light meal
3. CUrgent escalation for CT of the head and anticoagulant reversal
4. DEncourage sleep and check observations at the next routine time

A patient with both COPD and heart disease is more breathless, with bilateral basal crackles, raised JVP, ankle swelling and a markedly raised NT-proBNP. Which problem is most likely driving this episode?

1. AAn asthma attack
2. BA primary spontaneous pneumothorax
3. CDecompensated heart failure
4. DHyperventilation from anxiety