内外科护理：心血管与呼吸练习卷（附答案）

Which muscle does most of the work of quiet breathing?

1. AThe diaphragm
2. BThe abdominal muscles
3. CThe sternocleidomastoid
4. DThe trapezius

Which side effect is typical of an inhaled long-acting antimuscarinic such as tiotropium?

1. AOral thrush
2. BDiarrhoea
3. CWeight gain
4. DDry mouth

深静脉血栓形成最严重的并发症是什么？

1. A血栓后下肢肿胀
2. B肺栓塞
3. C静脉曲张
4. D浅表血栓性静脉炎

A patient's ankle–brachial pressure index (ABPI) is 0.6. What does this suggest?

1. ANormal leg circulation
2. BStiff, calcified arteries that read falsely high
3. CA deep vein thrombosis
4. DSignificant peripheral arterial disease

A woman had lymph nodes removed from her left armpit for breast cancer. Which advice helps reduce the risk of lymphoedema?

1. AUse only the left arm for heavy lifting to build up its muscles
2. BApply tight jewellery to the left wrist
3. CKeep the left arm hanging down and as still as possible all day
4. DAvoid BP cuffs and injections on the left arm where possible

A patient taking isosorbide mononitrate asks about sildenafil for erectile dysfunction. What is the main danger?

1. AA very high potassium level
2. BSevere hypertension
3. CSevere hypotension
4. DBleeding from the gums

A healthcare assistant (unlicensed assistive personnel) reports four observations. Which one needs the nurse's attention first?

1. AA patient with a DVT whose leg is less swollen today
2. BA patient with COPD whose SpO₂ is 90% on 1 L/min, which is usual for him
3. CA patient after a PCI asking for a cup of tea
4. DA patient with heart failure who is newly confused, with SpO₂ 89%

A patient with crushing chest pain has ST elevation in leads V1–V4. Which coronary artery is most likely blocked?

1. AThe left anterior descending artery
2. BThe left subclavian artery
3. CThe circumflex artery
4. DThe right coronary artery and its branches