内外科护理：心血管与呼吸练习卷（附答案）

为什么要教 COPD 患者缩唇呼吸？

1. A它使小气道在呼气时保持开放
2. B它提高吸入空气的氧含量
3. C它减少白天咳嗽的冲动
4. D它在吸气时增强膈肌

How does CPAP help in obstructive sleep apnoea?

1. AIt delivers a drug that relaxes the airway muscles overnight
2. BConstant positive pressure holds the upper airway open
3. CIt slows the breathing rate during sleep
4. DIt removes carbon dioxide through a filter

为什么高血压常被称为“沉默的杀手”？

1. A它总会引起头痛，而患者学会了忽略
2. B它主要发生在夜间睡眠时
3. C只能通过血液检查发现
4. D它在损害器官的同时往往没有症状

How do clopidogrel and ticagrelor work?

1. AThey block the platelet ADP (P2Y₁₂) receptor
2. BThey inhibit the vitamin K-dependent clotting factors in the liver
3. CThey dissolve fibrin in existing clots
4. DThey directly inhibit thrombin in the plasma

How does intermittent pneumatic compression help prevent DVT?

1. AIt warms the legs gently so the blood becomes thinner and flows faster
2. BIt squeezes the legs in cycles to push venous blood towards the heart
3. CIt breaks up and dissolves clots that have already formed in the veins
4. DIt keeps the legs completely still to protect the veins

一名胸痛患者要求使用硝酸甘油（glyceryl trinitrate）。哪项信息意味着护士应暂停给药并联系开处方者？

1. A患者每天服用他汀
2. B患者的血压为 150/90 mmHg
3. C患者上周有过头痛
4. D患者今天早些时候服用了西地那非

A healthcare assistant (unlicensed assistive personnel) reports four observations. Which one needs the nurse's attention first?

1. AA patient with COPD whose SpO₂ is 90% on 1 L/min, which is usual for him
2. BA patient with heart failure who is newly confused, with SpO₂ 89%
3. CA patient with a DVT whose leg is less swollen today
4. DA patient after a PCI asking for a cup of tea

After chest trauma, a patient is hypotensive with reduced breath sounds on the left. Which finding suggests a haemothorax rather than a tension pneumothorax?

1. AHyper-resonance on the affected side
2. BDistended neck veins
3. CTrachea pushed away from the affected side
4. DDullness to percussion on the affected side