内外科护理：心血管与呼吸练习卷（附答案）

Which precautions are needed for a patient with suspected infectious pulmonary tuberculosis?

1. AContact precautions with gloves only
2. BStandard precautions only
3. CAirborne precautions with a respirator mask
4. DProtective isolation for the patient's own sake

How does CPAP help in obstructive sleep apnoea?

1. AIt removes carbon dioxide through a filter
2. BConstant positive pressure holds the upper airway open
3. CIt slows the breathing rate during sleep
4. DIt delivers a drug that relaxes the airway muscles overnight

对吸烟者来说，哪项干预最能有效延缓 COPD 的进展？

1. A每日口服皮质类固醇
2. B戒烟
3. C长期口服抗生素
4. D长期家庭氧疗

A patient who had a leg amputation says they feel burning pain in the missing foot. What is the best response?

1. AExplain that phantom limb pain is real and arrange treatment
2. BTell the patient the pain must be imaginary as the foot has gone
3. CAdvise that it will be ignored until it stops
4. DExplain that burning pain in the missing foot shows wound infection

A patient with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator asks what to do if it fires. Which teaching is correct?

1. AIgnore any shock at all, because the device is designed to fire every day and needs no follow-up
2. BRemove the device battery at home if it fires more than once
3. COne shock and well: contact the device clinic; repeated shocks or unwell: call emergency services
4. DDrive straight to hospital alone after any shock so the device can be checked by the team

When should an adult with cystic fibrosis take pancreatic enzyme capsules?

1. AOnly at bedtime
2. BWith all meals and snacks that contain fat
3. COnce a day on waking, at least an hour before any food
4. DOnly when they have diarrhoea

Minutes after an IV antibiotic is started, a patient has wheeze, swollen lips, a rash and BP 78/44 mmHg. The infusion has been stopped and help called. What is the next priority?

1. ARestart the infusion at a slower rate
2. BGive intramuscular adrenaline (epinephrine)
3. CGive a nebulised salbutamol dose only
4. DGive an oral antihistamine tablet and observe for an hour

Shortly after a thoracentesis, a patient becomes breathless with sharp chest pain and reduced breath sounds on the same side. What complication is most likely?

1. ARe-accumulation of the effusion
2. BPneumothorax
3. CPulmonary embolism from the leg
4. DInfection at the puncture site