内外科护理：心血管与呼吸练习卷（附答案）

What is the main risk factor for lung cancer?

1. AA high-protein diet
2. BCigarette smoking
3. CLow blood pressure
4. DDrinking coffee

Which procedure relieves cardiac tamponade?

1. AThoracentesis (pleural tap)
2. BBronchoscopy
3. CCardioversion
4. DPericardiocentesis

下列哪项表现最典型地提示右心衰竭？

1. A夜间憋醒、喘不过气
2. B粉红色泡沫痰和双肺底细湿啰音
3. C仅在平卧时呼吸困难
4. D下垂部位水肿和颈静脉压升高

How does varenicline help people stop smoking?

1. AIt partly stimulates and partly blocks nicotine receptors
2. BIt makes cigarettes taste of metal so smoking feels unpleasant
3. CIt replaces nicotine through the skin, like a nicotine patch
4. DIt speeds the clearance of nicotine by the liver

How is orthostatic (postural) hypotension usually assessed?

1. ABP once sitting, then once lying down straight after a large meal
2. BBP lying after rest, then again after 1 and 3 minutes standing
3. CBP only standing, after a brisk walk along the corridor
4. DBP in both arms at the same moment while sitting

Which patient is most typical of a primary spontaneous pneumothorax?

1. AA middle-aged woman with high blood pressure
2. BA tall, thin young man who smokes
3. CA child with a viral sore throat
4. DAn older woman with long-standing heart failure

心肌梗死三周后，一名患者出现发热、胸膜性胸痛（前倾时减轻）和心包摩擦音。最可能的诊断是什么？

1. A另一条动脉的新发 STEMI
2. B急性左心衰竭
3. C急性主动脉夹层
4. D心肌梗死后（Dressler）综合征

The stump of a recent below-knee amputation suddenly bleeds heavily through the dressing. What should the nurse do first?

1. ARemove all the dressings and wait for the bleeding to stop by itself
2. BEncourage the patient to walk on crutches to ease the pressure
3. CApply firm direct pressure and call for urgent surgical help
4. DApply a warm compress to the stump