内外科护理：心血管与呼吸练习卷（附答案）

During cardiac arrest, how is adrenaline (epinephrine) usually given?

1. AIntravenously or by the intraosseous route
2. BBy inhalation through a nebuliser mask
3. CBy subcutaneous injection into the abdomen
4. DBy mouth, crushed and given with water

What is atelectasis?

1. AFluid in the space around the lung
2. BNarrowing of the airways caused by spasm of smooth muscle
3. CInfection of the lung tissue causing the alveoli to fill with pus
4. DCollapse of part of the lung so the alveoli contain no air

服用华法林治疗心房颤动的患者，通常的 INR 目标范围是多少？

1. A0.5–1.0
2. B4.0–5.0
3. C1.0–1.5
4. D2.0–3.0

A patient with diabetes is starting a beta-blocker. What should the nurse teach about hypoglycaemia?

1. AThe beta-blocker will prevent all episodes of hypoglycaemia
2. BSome warning signs, such as a fast heartbeat, may be masked
3. CInsulin should be stopped while taking a beta-blocker
4. DHypoglycaemia will always cause a very slow and weak pulse

Which skin changes around the ankles are typical of chronic venous insufficiency?

1. AA sharply defined red patch with fever
2. BPale, shiny, hairless skin with weak pulses
3. CBrown staining, swelling and dry, itchy skin
4. DA cold, white foot with no pulse

How does varenicline help people stop smoking?

1. AIt replaces nicotine through the skin, like a nicotine patch
2. BIt speeds the clearance of nicotine by the liver
3. CIt partly stimulates and partly blocks nicotine receptors
4. DIt makes cigarettes taste of metal so smoking feels unpleasant

A 28-year-old woman taking the combined pill comes in breathless and anxious. RR is 30/min, heart rate 118/min and SpO₂ 90% on air. A colleague says it is a panic attack. What should the nurse conclude?

1. ALow oxygen saturation is not explained by anxiety; PE must be excluded
2. BBreathing into a paper bag is the best first treatment for her
3. CThe saturation is normal for an anxious person who is breathing fast
4. DShe should be sent home after a sedative

A nurse has four cardiac patients. Which one should be seen first?

1. AA patient after a radial angiogram asking when they can eat
2. BA patient with heart failure whose weight is 0.3 kg up on yesterday's morning weight
3. CA patient with angina whose chest pain has not eased with rest and who is sweating
4. DA patient with AF and a heart rate of 86/min who is due an apixaban dose this morning