内外科护理：心血管与呼吸练习卷（附答案）

What is the correct first aid for an adult with a nosebleed?

1. ATilt the head back and pinch the bony bridge of the nose firmly
2. BBlow the nose hard to clear the clots
3. CLie flat on the back with the head turned to one side for an hour
4. DSit forward and pinch the soft part of the nose for 10–15 minutes

为什么高血压常被称为“沉默的杀手”？

1. A它在损害器官的同时往往没有症状
2. B只能通过血液检查发现
3. C它主要发生在夜间睡眠时
4. D它总会引起头痛，而患者学会了忽略

下列哪一组表现是细菌性肺炎的典型表现？

1. A桶状胸，多年呼吸困难
2. B突发胸痛，肺部清晰，无发热
3. C发热、咳痰，以及某一区域的湿啰音
4. D使用缓解型吸入器后数分钟内哮鸣音完全消失

After varicose vein surgery, which advice is usually given?

1. AAvoid all walking until the bruising has gone
2. BWear the compression stockings as advised and walk regularly
3. CStand still for long periods to help the veins heal
4. DStay in bed for two weeks with the legs hanging down

A 70 kg patient has passed 20 mL of urine per hour for the last three hours. How should this be interpreted?

1. ANormal, because the target is 0.1 mL/kg/h
2. BBelow 0.5 mL/kg/h, suggesting poor kidney perfusion
3. CNormal, because any measurable urine output is reassuring
4. DHigh, suggesting fluid overload that needs a diuretic

A patient with a mechanical heart valve asks to switch from warfarin to apixaban. What is the correct response?

1. AAspirin alone can replace warfarin once the valve has healed
2. BAny anticoagulant works equally well once the valve is in place
3. CMechanical valves do not need anticoagulation after the first month
4. DDirect oral anticoagulants are not used for mechanical valves

A patient with crushing chest pain has ST elevation in leads V1–V4. Which coronary artery is most likely blocked?

1. AThe circumflex artery
2. BThe right coronary artery and its branches
3. CThe left anterior descending artery
4. DThe left subclavian artery

As the defibrillator charges, a nurse sees a colleague still holding the patient's bed rail. What should the nurse do?

1. ADeliver the shock now, as the bed rail is not part of the patient
2. BAsk the colleague to hold the patient's hand instead
3. CCall clearly for everyone to stand clear and check before the shock
4. DTurn off the defibrillator and start a new cycle of CPR