内外科护理：心血管与呼吸练习卷（附答案）

对服用抗凝药的患者，应给予哪项建议？

1. A一出现小瘀斑就漏服一次药
2. B使用软毛牙刷，并报告异常出血
3. C任何疼痛都服用布洛芬而不是对乙酰氨基酚
4. D从现在起避免吃所有绿叶蔬菜

Which sound is typical of a pleural friction rub?

1. AFine bubbling sounds that clear with coughing
2. BA harsh sound on breathing in from the throat
3. CA high-pitched musical sound on expiration
4. DA creaking, grating sound with each breath

哪种呼吸音是哮喘时小气道狭窄的典型表现？

1. A哮鸣音，通常呼气时更响
2. B主要在吸气时听到的喘鸣
3. C咳嗽后消失的粗湿啰音
4. D深呼吸时的胸膜摩擦音

A patient's capillary refill time at the fingertip is 4 seconds. What does this suggest?

1. AA high haemoglobin level
2. BNormal peripheral perfusion
3. CReduced peripheral perfusion
4. DAn unusually strong cardiac output

A patient's blood pressure is 120/60 mmHg. What is the approximate mean arterial pressure?

1. A60 mmHg
2. B90 mmHg
3. C100 mmHg
4. D80 mmHg

A woman with hypertension who takes lisinopril says she is planning a pregnancy. What should the nurse advise?

1. ADiscuss switching medicine with the prescriber before trying to conceive
2. BContinue lisinopril, as it is the safest blood pressure drug in pregnancy
3. CStop all blood pressure treatment straight away without telling anyone
4. DDouble the dose to protect the baby from high blood pressure

A patient declines enoxaparin for VTE prevention because it is made from pork, which conflicts with their beliefs. What is the best response?

1. ATell the patient that refusal means they cannot have surgery
2. BGive the injection anyway without explaining what the medicine is made from
3. CDocument the refusal in the notes and take no further action at all
4. DRespect the decision, inform the prescriber and discuss non-animal options

A patient with severe aortic stenosis is prescribed glyceryl trinitrate (nitroglycerin) for chest pain. Why should the nurse use particular caution?

1. AGTN raises the blood pressure dangerously in aortic stenosis
2. BThere is no reason for caution, because GTN acts only on the coronary arteries
3. CVasodilators can cause a severe fall in BP with a fixed outflow obstruction
4. DGTN makes the narrowed aortic valve tighten further within a few minutes