内外科护理：心血管与呼吸练习卷（附答案）

What is the pleura?

1. AThe tiny air sacs at the ends of the airways where gas exchange happens
2. BA double membrane lining the lungs and the inner chest wall
3. CThe dome-shaped muscle that separates the chest from the abdomen
4. DThe cartilage rings of the trachea

What is the pulse pressure?

1. AThe difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures
2. BThe average arterial pressure over one whole cardiac cycle
3. CThe pressure measured in the right atrium at rest
4. DThe number of pulse beats counted in one minute

What does stridor usually indicate?

1. ANarrowing of the upper airway
2. BFluid in the alveoli
3. CNarrowing of the small airways
4. DInflammation of the pleura

A patient's blood pressure is 120/60 mmHg. What is the approximate mean arterial pressure?

1. A60 mmHg
2. B100 mmHg
3. C90 mmHg
4. D80 mmHg

A pulse oximeter on a patient's finger gives an unreliable, flickering reading. Which factor is the most likely cause?

1. AThe patient sitting upright in a chair
2. BCold hands with poor peripheral circulation
3. CA regular heart rate of 75 beats per minute
4. DThe patient having eaten recently

A patient uses a glyceryl trinitrate (nitroglycerin) patch for angina. Why is it usually removed for several hours each day?

1. AIt lowers the risk of a high potassium level
2. BA nitrate-free interval prevents tolerance
3. CThe skin needs a break to absorb a larger dose
4. DThe patch works only during the night

在严重哮喘发作期间，一名患者的 PaCO₂ 从偏低升至正常，同时看起来精疲力竭。这意味着什么？

1. A标本很可能是静脉血，可以忽略
2. B患者正在疲劳，随后可能发生呼吸衰竭
3. C患者因焦虑而过度通气
4. D发作正在缓解，可以减少治疗

On day 2 after a surgical tracheostomy, the tube falls out. The patient is breathing but distressed. What should the nurse do first?

1. ACall for expert help and give oxygen to both the face and the stoma
2. BCover the stoma completely with a sealed dressing and wait for help
3. CForce the tube back through the stoma immediately with firm pressure
4. DLeave the patient alone while fetching a new tube