内外科护理：心血管与呼吸练习卷（附答案）

What does stridor usually indicate?

1. AInflammation of the pleura
2. BFluid in the alveoli
3. CNarrowing of the small airways
4. DNarrowing of the upper airway

Rust-coloured sputum is classically linked with which infection?

1. AOral thrush
2. BA viral common cold
3. CPneumococcal pneumonia
4. DAllergic rhinitis

On spirometry, what is the forced vital capacity (FVC)?

1. AThe volume of air that is left in the lungs after breathing out
2. BThe volume of air blown out in the first second of the test only
3. CThe volume of one normal resting breath
4. DThe total volume blown out forcefully after a full breath in

COPD 患者通常推荐接种哪些疫苗？

1. A完全不接种疫苗，因为已知疫苗会诱发急性加重
2. B每年接种流感疫苗和肺炎球菌疫苗
3. C每五年接种一次卡介苗
4. D仅每年加强一次破伤风疫苗

A patient with a mechanical heart valve asks to switch from warfarin to apixaban. What is the correct response?

1. AAny anticoagulant works equally well once the valve is in place
2. BDirect oral anticoagulants are not used for mechanical valves
3. CAspirin alone can replace warfarin once the valve has healed
4. DMechanical valves do not need anticoagulation after the first month

A patient with a regular narrow-complex tachycardia of 180/min is alert with a normal blood pressure. What is usually tried first?

1. AChest compressions until the rate slows
2. BVagal manoeuvres such as a modified Valsalva
3. CA large oral dose of digoxin
4. DAn immediate unsynchronised shock with the defibrillator

一名 82 岁的社区获得性肺炎患者新近出现意识混乱，呼吸频率 32 次/分，血压 88/52 mmHg，尿素 9 mmol/L。这提示什么？

1. ACURB-65 评分为 1：适合在家口服抗生素
2. B老年人对感染的正常反应
3. CCURB-65 评分为 5：高风险，需要紧急高级医师评估
4. DCURB-65 评分为 3：仅需常规收入普通病房

一名哮喘患者有服用阿司匹林后喘息的病史。术后疼痛被开具了布洛芬。护士应怎么做？

1. A给药，因为布洛芬与阿司匹林无关
2. B与缓解型吸入器同时给药
3. C暂停给药并要求更换其他药物
4. D仅在疼痛评分高于 8/10 时给药