内外科护理：心血管与呼吸练习卷（附答案）

Which description best fits asthma?

1. APermanent destruction of the alveolar walls caused by smoking
2. BAirway inflammation with variable, reversible airflow obstruction
3. CA bacterial infection of the alveoli
4. DScarring of the lung tissue that makes the lungs stiff and small

In hospital, how is oxygen therapy treated?

1. AAs a treatment that patients adjust themselves
2. BAs a treatment kept only for patients who are near the end of life
3. CAs a comfort measure that needs no prescription or monitoring
4. DAs a medicine that needs a prescription with a target range

What is the normal resting heart rate range for an adult?

1. A100–140 beats per minute
2. B40–60 beats per minute
3. C30–50 beats per minute
4. D60–100 beats per minute

哪一组副作用是噻嗪类或吲达帕胺等类噻嗪利尿剂的典型副作用？

1. A低钾、低钠、尿酸升高和血糖升高
2. B高钠、高镁，血糖降低
3. C高钾、高钠、尿酸降低和血糖降低
4. D干咳、味觉障碍和嘴唇肿胀

A patient on nasal cannula oxygen breathes mainly through the mouth. What is the most accurate statement?

1. AThe cannula should be placed in the mouth
2. BIt can still work, because oxygen collects in the nasopharynx
3. CThe flow must be increased to 15 L/min to make it work at all
4. DIt has no effect at all in mouth breathers and must be stopped

What is the main difference between CPAP and bilevel NIV (often called BiPAP)?

1. ACPAP is mainly used to lower a raised PaCO₂ in COPD exacerbations
2. BBilevel NIV adds a higher inspiratory pressure, helping remove CO₂
3. CCPAP is given only through a tracheostomy
4. DBilevel NIV gives oxygen only, without any positive airway pressure

一名胸痛患者的 II、III 和 aVF 导联 ST 段抬高。血压 86/54 mmHg，肺部清晰，颈静脉怒张。护士应对哪种处方药提出疑问？

1. A舌下含服硝酸甘油（glyceryl trinitrate）
2. BSpO₂ 低于目标值时给氧
3. C静脉止吐药
4. D嚼服阿司匹林 300 mg

Thirty minutes after extubation, a patient develops a high-pitched noise on breathing in and is anxious. SpO₂ is falling. What should the nurse do?

1. AGive a large drink of cold water to soothe the throat and settle it
2. BEncourage the patient to sleep it off and recheck them in an hour
3. CLay the patient flat and reassure them
4. DSit the patient up, give oxygen and call for urgent airway help