内外科护理：心血管与呼吸练习卷（附答案）

Together with fever, which finding should raise suspicion of infective endocarditis?

1. APain in one calf
2. BA new heart murmur
3. CA slow heart rate
4. DA dry, tickly cough

Rust-coloured sputum is classically linked with which infection?

1. APneumococcal pneumonia
2. BAllergic rhinitis
3. COral thrush
4. DA viral common cold

Mesothelioma of the pleura is strongly linked with exposure to which substance?

1. AAsbestos
2. BCoal dust
3. CPollen
4. DWood smoke

How should a patient breathe in when using a dry powder inhaler?

1. AThrough the nose with the mouthpiece in the mouth
2. BSlowly and gently over about ten seconds
3. CQuickly and deeply, after breathing out away from the device
4. DSeveral times, breathing out into the device between breaths

A patient is starting long-term amiodarone. Which teaching and monitoring are most important?

1. AExpect orange urine and no need for blood tests
2. BProtect skin from sunlight and have thyroid, liver and lung checks
3. CEat extra salt and stop the drug as soon as the pulse is regular
4. DAvoid dairy products and have the INR checked once at the start

Which ECG finding is typical of atrial flutter?

1. AWide, bizarre QRS complexes at 180/min
2. BA chaotic baseline with no clear P waves and irregular QRS
3. CRegular sawtooth flutter waves between QRS complexes
4. DP waves with no relationship to the QRS complexes

After an anaphylactic reaction to a bee sting that responded to adrenaline (epinephrine), a patient asks to go home immediately. Which advice is most appropriate?

1. AGo home straight away, because anaphylaxis never recurs once adrenaline has worked
2. BStay in hospital for at least two weeks on daily intravenous antihistamines
3. CStay for observation, then go home with an adrenaline auto-injector and teaching
4. DGo home and take antihistamines only if the throat swells

心脏手术后一小时，纵隔引流管引出 350 mL 鲜红色血液，心率正在上升。护士应怎么做？

1. A立即报告外科团队
2. B每五分钟用力挤捏管路
3. C夹闭引流管以阻止进一步失血
4. D记录引流量并继续每小时检查