内外科护理：心血管与呼吸练习卷（附答案）

When is pneumonia classed as hospital-acquired?

1. AOnly when it is caused by a virus
2. BWhen it starts within the first hour after admission
3. CWhen the patient had symptoms before admission
4. DWhen it starts 48 hours or more after admission

Which organism causes tuberculosis?

1. ACorynebacterium diphtheriae
2. BMycobacterium tuberculosis
3. CStaphylococcus aureus
4. DPseudomonas aeruginosa

During manual blood pressure measurement, what does the first clear tapping sound (Korotkoff phase 1) mark?

1. AThe diastolic pressure
2. BThe pulse pressure
3. CThe systolic pressure
4. DThe mean arterial pressure

How is orthostatic (postural) hypotension usually assessed?

1. ABP once sitting, then once lying down straight after a large meal
2. BBP only standing, after a brisk walk along the corridor
3. CBP in both arms at the same moment while sitting
4. DBP lying after rest, then again after 1 and 3 minutes standing

一名室上性心动过速患者将接受静脉腺苷。护士应提醒患者注意什么？

1. A之后持续数天的头痛
2. B短暂的面部潮红或胸闷，以及几秒钟的停顿感
3. C手臂静脉处灼痛约一周
4. D之后数小时的嗜睡、言语含糊和意识混乱

A patient taking isosorbide mononitrate asks about sildenafil for erectile dysfunction. What is the main danger?

1. ASevere hypertension
2. BBleeding from the gums
3. CSevere hypotension
4. DA very high potassium level

An 84-year-old with heart failure becomes breathless with new crackles and a rising blood pressure during a blood transfusion. What should the nurse suspect?

1. ATransfusion-associated circulatory overload
2. BNormal effects of the transfusion
3. CAn acute haemolytic reaction from wrong blood
4. DA mild febrile reaction

A patient who has had a total laryngectomy becomes breathless and needs oxygen. How should it be given?

1. AVia nasal cannula at 2 L/min
2. BVia a standard face mask over the nose and mouth
3. CVia a non-rebreather mask over the mouth only
4. DVia a mask or humidified device over the neck stoma