内外科护理：心血管与呼吸练习卷（附答案）

对服用抗凝药的患者，应给予哪项建议？

1. A使用软毛牙刷，并报告异常出血
2. B任何疼痛都服用布洛芬而不是对乙酰氨基酚
3. C从现在起避免吃所有绿叶蔬菜
4. D一出现小瘀斑就漏服一次药

为什么患者使用吸入性皮质类固醇后要漱口？

1. A把药物冲入肺内
2. B减少口腔鹅口疮和声音嘶哑
3. C使药物起效更快
4. D防止药物引起震颤

Which structure is the heart's natural pacemaker?

1. AThe atrioventricular (AV) node
2. BThe sinoatrial (SA) node
3. CThe Purkinje fibres
4. DThe bundle of His

A patient has pneumonia in the right lung only. In which side-lying position will oxygenation usually be best?

1. AProne with the head down
2. BLying on the left side, with the healthy lung down
3. CFlat on the back with no pillows
4. DLying on the right side, with the affected lung down

Why are patients with mitral stenosis at high risk of atrial fibrillation?

1. AThe coronary arteries become blocked by the valve
2. BThe left atrium enlarges as it pushes blood through the narrow valve
3. CThe right ventricle shrinks and stops contracting properly over time
4. DThe narrow valve presses on the sinus node and slows it down directly

A patient's ankle–brachial pressure index (ABPI) is 0.6. What does this suggest?

1. AA deep vein thrombosis
2. BSignificant peripheral arterial disease
3. CStiff, calcified arteries that read falsely high
4. DNormal leg circulation

An older patient's varicose vein bursts at the ankle and bleeds heavily. What is the most effective first aid?

1. AStand the patient up so the blood flows away and clots faster
2. BKeep the leg hanging down over the bed
3. CApply a hot compress to the leg to help the vein close up
4. DLie the patient down, raise the leg and press firmly on the site

A patient with both COPD and heart disease is more breathless, with bilateral basal crackles, raised JVP, ankle swelling and a markedly raised NT-proBNP. Which problem is most likely driving this episode?

1. ADecompensated heart failure
2. BHyperventilation from anxiety
3. CA primary spontaneous pneumothorax
4. DAn asthma attack