内外科护理：心血管与呼吸练习卷（附答案）

哪种体位通常能帮助 COPD 急性加重的患者更容易呼吸？

1. A在硬床垫上俯卧
2. B坐起，身体前倾，手臂有支撑
3. C平躺仰卧，双腿用枕头抬高
4. D侧卧，头部放低

What is the approximate tidal volume of a resting adult?

1. AAbout 5 litres
2. BAbout 50 mL
3. CAbout 1.5 litres
4. DAbout 500 mL

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is an inherited cause of which lung disease?

1. APneumothorax
2. BAsthma
3. CLung cancer
4. DEmphysema

Why must inspired air be humidified for a patient with a tracheostomy?

1. ADry air is needed to stop secretions forming in the trachea
2. BHumidified air contains more oxygen than dry air at the same flow
3. CThe nose and upper airway, which warm and moisten air, are bypassed
4. DHumidification prevents the cuff from deflating

Which ECG pattern is typical of acute pericarditis?

1. AWidespread saddle-shaped ST elevation with PR depression
2. BA sawtooth baseline with a regular ventricular rate
3. CTall peaked T waves with a wide QRS
4. DST elevation only in leads II, III and aVF with Q waves

A patient uses a glyceryl trinitrate (nitroglycerin) patch for angina. Why is it usually removed for several hours each day?

1. AThe skin needs a break to absorb a larger dose
2. BIt lowers the risk of a high potassium level
3. CA nitrate-free interval prevents tolerance
4. DThe patch works only during the night

一名使用 28% 文丘里面罩（SpO₂ 90%）的 COPD 患者想吃饭。最恰当的方案是什么？

1. A进餐期间完全撤掉氧气，之后再恢复
2. B继续戴文丘里面罩，只通过吸管喝流质
3. C改用低流量鼻导管，使 SpO₂ 保持在 88–92%
4. D进餐期间改用 15 L/min 的非重复呼吸面罩

一名服用达比加群的患者发生严重消化道出血。可使用哪种特异性逆转剂？

1. A单用氨甲环酸
2. B依达赛珠单抗
3. C硫酸鱼精蛋白
4. D植物甲萘醌（维生素 K）