内外科护理：心血管与呼吸练习卷（附答案）

峰流速仪测量的是什么？

1. A肺能容纳的空气总量
2. B一个人能呼出气体的最快速度
3. C血氧饱和度
4. D一个人每分钟的呼吸次数

On spirometry, what does a reduced FEV₁/FVC ratio indicate?

1. ALow haemoglobin
2. BWeak heart muscle
3. CNormal lung function
4. DObstruction to airflow

哪一组体征提示二氧化碳潴留（高碳酸血症）？

1. A皮肤苍白、冰冷、湿冷，脉搏细弱
2. B瞳孔针尖样缩小，心率极慢
3. C嗜睡、头痛、皮肤潮红和脉搏洪大
4. D一阵快速呼吸后手指和嘴唇发麻

Which investigation is usually used to confirm a deep vein thrombosis in the leg?

1. AAn exercise ECG
2. BA lung function test
3. CCompression duplex ultrasound
4. DA plain chest X-ray and an ECG

Why should a long-acting beta-2 agonist (LABA) never be used alone in asthma?

1. AIt always causes immediate severe bronchospasm when used on its own
2. BWithout an inhaled steroid, it is linked with severe and fatal attacks
3. CIt works only when it is taken together with a course of antibiotics
4. DIt cannot be inhaled without a nebuliser

How is orthostatic (postural) hypotension usually assessed?

1. ABP once sitting, then once lying down straight after a large meal
2. BBP lying after rest, then again after 1 and 3 minutes standing
3. CBP only standing, after a brisk walk along the corridor
4. DBP in both arms at the same moment while sitting

An older inpatient develops sudden fever, muscle aches and a dry cough during the winter influenza season. Which plan is most appropriate?

1. AWait a week to see whether the symptoms settle before testing
2. BLeave them in the open bay and give a course of antibiotics only
3. CIsolate only if they develop a rash
4. DIsolate with droplet precautions, test and expect early antivirals

A patient taking ramipril and indapamide for hypertension starts regular ibuprofen for back pain. A week later, creatinine has risen sharply. What is the most likely cause?

1. AIbuprofen raising the blood pressure to levels that damage the kidneys
2. BAn ACE inhibitor, diuretic and NSAID together reducing kidney perfusion
3. CAn allergic reaction to the diuretic causing inflammation of the kidney
4. DBack pain causing kidney damage