内外科护理：心血管与呼吸练习卷（附答案）

Which description best fits asthma?

1. APermanent destruction of the alveolar walls caused by smoking
2. BA bacterial infection of the alveoli
3. CAirway inflammation with variable, reversible airflow obstruction
4. DScarring of the lung tissue that makes the lungs stiff and small

What does the term "afterload" describe?

1. AThe volume of blood returning to the right atrium each minute
2. BThe time the heart takes to relax after each beat
3. CThe stretch of the ventricle before it contracts
4. DThe resistance the ventricle must overcome to eject blood

什么是经鼻高流量氧疗？

1. A通过标准鼻塞给予干燥氧气，流量 1–4 L/min
2. B通过紧贴的全面罩连接呼吸机给氧
3. C通过鼻塞输送加温加湿的氧气，流量最高约 60 L/min
4. D通过带储氧袋的面罩以 15 L/min 给氧

A patient taking simvastatin drinks a large glass of grapefruit juice every morning. Why is this a concern?

1. AIt raises statin levels and the risk of muscle damage
2. BIt causes the cholesterol level to rise sharply
3. CIt turns the statin into a blood thinner
4. DIt stops the statin from being absorbed from the gut at all

为什么胸腔引流管通常不应夹闭？

1. A夹闭会使胸腔内液体引流得过快
2. B滞留的空气会积聚，导致张力性气胸
3. C夹闭会使管子永久变脆开裂
4. D夹闭会使水封瓶中的水蒸发

Which side effect is particularly common with verapamil?

1. ADiarrhoea
2. BHair loss
3. CConstipation
4. DDry cough

A patient's blood gas shows pH 7.26, PaCO₂ 9.0 kPa (68 mmHg) and bicarbonate 25 mmol/L. What does this show?

1. AMetabolic acidosis with compensation
2. BMetabolic alkalosis
3. CAcute respiratory acidosis
4. DRespiratory alkalosis

A patient has sudden severe chest pain spreading to the back between the shoulder blades. Which finding most supports aortic dissection rather than myocardial infarction?

1. AA large difference in blood pressure between the arms
2. BA heart rate of 104/min and a respiratory rate of 22/min
3. CPain that started at rest
4. DSweating, nausea and pallor that started with the pain