内外科护理：心血管与呼吸练习卷（附答案）

What is the main role of the delay at the atrioventricular (AV) node?

1. AIt closes the aortic valve
2. BIt speeds the impulse to the ventricles so they beat sooner
3. CIt gives the ventricles time to fill before they contract
4. DIt starts each heartbeat by firing faster than the SA node

成人使用标准鼻导管吸氧，通常的流量范围是多少？

1. A10–15 L/min
2. B20–40 L/min
3. C0.1–0.2 L/min
4. D1–6 L/min

What is the normal range for arterial PaCO₂?

1. AAbout 1.0–2.0 kPa (8–15 mmHg)
2. BAbout 10–13 kPa (75–100 mmHg)
3. CAbout 4.7–6.0 kPa (35–45 mmHg)
4. DAbout 8.0–9.0 kPa (60–68 mmHg)

A patient's blood pressure is 120/60 mmHg. What is the approximate mean arterial pressure?

1. A90 mmHg
2. B100 mmHg
3. C60 mmHg
4. D80 mmHg

When should an adult with cystic fibrosis take pancreatic enzyme capsules?

1. AWith all meals and snacks that contain fat
2. BOnce a day on waking, at least an hour before any food
3. COnly at bedtime
4. DOnly when they have diarrhoea

Which feature of a COPD exacerbation most suggests that antibiotics are needed?

1. AA clear runny nose
2. BAn increase in purulent (green or yellow) sputum
3. CA mild sore throat that lasted for one day only
4. DA dry, tickly cough with no sputum at all for a day

一名限制每天液体 1.5 L 的心力衰竭患者抱怨口渴难耐。哪项措施最恰当？

1. A在第二天早晨称重前完全不给液体
2. B不限量饮水，因为口渴必须总是得到满足
3. C口腔护理、计量的冰块和分散在全天的液体
4. D吃咸的零食以刺激唾液分泌、缓解口干

After intubation, breath sounds are heard on the right side of the chest but not the left. What is the most likely cause?

1. AThe left lung has completely filled with fluid
2. BThe tube cuff has burst during insertion
3. CThe tube has entered the right main bronchus
4. DThe tube has entered the oesophagus