内外科护理：心血管与呼吸练习卷（附答案）

Which three signs make up Beck's triad in cardiac tamponade?

1. AChest pain, ST elevation and raised troponin
2. BHigh blood pressure, a slow pulse and irregular breathing
3. CFever, a new heart murmur and splinter haemorrhages under the nails
4. DLow blood pressure, distended neck veins and muffled heart sounds

下肢静脉性溃疡最常发生在哪里？

1. A脚趾尖端
2. B足底跖骨头下方
3. C内踝（脚踝内侧）上方
4. D足跟后部

Which finding on abdominal examination suggests an abdominal aortic aneurysm?

1. AA dull area that shifts when the patient turns
2. BA tender lump in the right iliac fossa
3. CA pulsating mass around the umbilicus
4. DLoud, high-pitched bowel sounds

In heart failure, why does activation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system worsen symptoms over time?

1. AIt slows the heart rate dangerously
2. BIt causes sodium and water retention and vasoconstriction
3. CIt lowers the blood pressure to very low levels over time
4. DIt makes the kidneys pass too much dilute urine each day

对静脉性下肢溃疡进行加压治疗之前，必须做哪项评估？

1. A胸部 X 线和心电图
2. B踝肱压力指数（ABPI）
3. C全血细胞计数和 CRP
4. D伤口拭子培养及药敏试验

How can a patient reduce wound pain when coughing after abdominal surgery?

1. ALie flat on the back with the legs straight
2. BHold the breath for as long as possible
3. CAvoid coughing completely until all the stitches are removed
4. DHold a pillow firmly against the wound while coughing

After intubation, breath sounds are heard on the right side of the chest but not the left. What is the most likely cause?

1. AThe tube has entered the oesophagus
2. BThe left lung has completely filled with fluid
3. CThe tube has entered the right main bronchus
4. DThe tube cuff has burst during insertion

After a faulty gas heater was found at home, a patient has headache, nausea and confusion. SpO₂ is 99% on air. What is the priority treatment?

1. AParacetamol (acetaminophen) and observation only
2. BHigh-concentration oxygen via a non-rebreather mask
3. CReassurance, because the oxygen saturation is normal
4. DOxygen at 1 L/min via nasal cannula