内外科护理：心血管与呼吸练习卷（附答案）

Which sign often appears earliest in hypovolaemic shock in an adult?

1. AA rising heart rate
2. BFixed, dilated pupils
3. CA slow, bounding pulse
4. DA systolic pressure below 70 mmHg

Which of these is one of the reversible causes of cardiac arrest known as the "4 Hs"?

1. AHypertension
2. BHypoxia
3. CHyperventilation
4. DHyperglycaemia

Where are AED pads usually placed on an adult?

1. AOn each upper arm
2. BBelow the right collarbone and on the left side below the armpit
3. CBoth pads on the back, side by side between the shoulder blades
4. DBoth pads on the abdomen, just below the ribs on either side

胸腔引流管中的液面不再波动。这可能意味着什么？

1. A对侧出现了新的气胸
2. B肺已复张，或引流管扭曲、堵塞
3. C瓶内水位过高，无法移动
4. D引流装置开始引流腹部

Which position is usually best for the legs of a patient with chronic venous insufficiency and ankle swelling?

1. ARaised above the level of the heart when resting
2. BHanging down over the side of the bed
3. CCrossed at the knees while sitting
4. DKept still in a standing position for long periods

A patient on home oxygen has dry, sore lips. Which product is safest to use?

1. AAn alcohol-based gel
2. BA water-based lubricant
3. CAn oil-based balm
4. DPetroleum jelly

After six weeks of treatment for tuberculosis, a patient has nausea, dark urine and yellow eyes. What should the nurse do?

1. AReassure the patient that the urine colour is due to rifampicin
2. BWithhold the next doses and report urgently for liver tests
3. CAdvise taking the tablets with an alcoholic drink to settle the stomach
4. DDouble the isoniazid dose to clear the infection faster

一名已知高血压患者血压为 186/112 mmHg，没有症状，也没有器官损害的体征。哪种应对最恰当？

1. A不采取任何行动，因为患者感觉良好、没有症状
2. B静脉推注降压药，15 分钟内降到 120/80 mmHg
3. C呼叫心脏骤停团队并准备插管
4. D复测、上报，并预期在数小时至数天内口服治疗