内外科护理：心血管与呼吸练习卷（附答案）

Drug names ending in "-olol", such as bisoprolol and atenolol, belong to which class?

1. ACalcium channel blockers
2. BBeta-blockers
3. CLoop diuretics
4. DACE inhibitors

Which chamber of the heart receives blood from the superior and inferior venae cavae?

1. AThe left atrium
2. BThe left ventricle
3. CThe right ventricle
4. DThe right atrium

对吸烟者来说，哪项干预最能有效延缓 COPD 的进展？

1. A每日口服皮质类固醇
2. B长期口服抗生素
3. C长期家庭氧疗
4. D戒烟

一名服用华法林的患者开始每天吃大量菠菜和羽衣甘蓝沙拉。主要的担忧是什么？

1. A食物与华法林之间没有相互作用
2. B额外的维生素 K 可能使 INR 升高
3. C服用华法林时，绿色蔬菜会损害肝脏
4. D额外的维生素 K 可能使 INR 降低

Why must intravenous potassium chloride never be given as a rapid push or undiluted?

1. AA sudden high potassium level can cause cardiac arrest
2. BIt immediately lowers the blood glucose to dangerous levels
3. CIt works only when given by mouth
4. DIt turns into solid crystals inside the vein and blocks it

Which feature of a COPD exacerbation most suggests that antibiotics are needed?

1. AA clear runny nose
2. BAn increase in purulent (green or yellow) sputum
3. CA mild sore throat that lasted for one day only
4. DA dry, tickly cough with no sputum at all for a day

A patient with pneumonia has a temperature of 39 °C, pain and a sinus tachycardia of 122/min. BP is normal. What is the best way to manage the heart rate?

1. AArrange urgent electrical cardioversion to restore a normal rate
2. BTreat the fever, pain and possible dehydration, then reassess
3. CGive IV adenosine
4. DGive a beta-blocker to bring the heart rate below 100/min

A patient with COPD who is known to retain CO₂ arrives on 15 L/min oxygen. They are now drowsy with SpO₂ 99%. What is the most appropriate action?

1. AGive a sedative to help the patient rest
2. BReduce the oxygen to aim for 88–92% and get a blood gas
3. CKeep the oxygen at 15 L/min because the saturation is excellent
4. DRemove the oxygen completely and observe