内外科护理：心血管与呼吸练习卷（附答案）

What is pitting oedema?

1. ASwelling that keeps a dent for a while after firm pressure
2. BRedness of the skin that turns white when it is pressed
3. CA small sore that forms on the shin
4. DSwelling that is hard and does not dent at all when pressed

What is Cheyne–Stokes breathing?

1. AA harsh, high-pitched sound on breathing in through the throat
2. BCycles of deeper then shallower breaths followed by a pause
3. CBreathing only through pursed lips
4. DConstant deep, fast breathing that never changes in depth

胸腔引流水封瓶中的“波动”（潮动）是指什么？

1. A血凝块沿引流管移动
2. B液面随呼吸上下移动
3. C无论患者是否呼吸，都持续冒气泡
4. D患者走动时引流装置摇晃

Shortly after a permanent pacemaker is inserted via the subclavian vein, the patient becomes breathless with reduced breath sounds on that side. What complication should be suspected?

1. APulmonary oedema
2. BAsthma
3. CPericarditis
4. DPneumothorax

After thrombolysis for a myocardial infarction, which complication is the nurse most concerned to detect?

1. AConstipation from bed rest
2. BA high blood glucose caused by the thrombolytic drug itself
3. CBleeding, including a sudden change in neurological status
4. DA skin rash appearing at the sites of the ECG electrodes

Why is a raised serum lactate concerning in a patient with shock?

1. AIt suggests tissues are short of oxygen and using anaerobic metabolism
2. BIt means the kidneys are working harder than normal to clear fluid
3. CIt shows only that the patient has eaten a large meal in the past hour
4. DIt confirms a bacterial infection is present

A patient with known left-sided lung cancer starts coughing up large amounts of fresh blood. While help is called, how should the patient be positioned?

1. AFlat on the back with the head down
2. BLying on the right side, with the bleeding lung up
3. CProne with the head turned to one side
4. DLying on the left side, with the bleeding lung down

A patient on a morphine PCA after surgery is very drowsy, with a respiratory rate of 7/min and pinpoint pupils. SpO₂ is 89%. What should the nurse do first?

1. AGive a sedative to keep the patient comfortable
2. BEncourage the patient to keep pressing the PCA button for comfort
3. CStop the PCA, support breathing, give oxygen and get naloxone
4. DLeave the patient to sleep and recheck the observations in an hour