内外科护理：心血管与呼吸练习卷（附答案）

Which pain description is typical of an acute aortic dissection?

1. ADull ache that slowly builds over several days
2. BSudden, severe tearing pain that spreads to the back
3. CBurning pain after meals that eases with antacids
4. DCramping calf pain that eases with a short rest

什么是经鼻高流量氧疗？

1. A通过鼻塞输送加温加湿的氧气，流量最高约 60 L/min
2. B通过紧贴的全面罩连接呼吸机给氧
3. C通过标准鼻塞给予干燥氧气，流量 1–4 L/min
4. D通过带储氧袋的面罩以 15 L/min 给氧

Rust-coloured sputum is classically linked with which infection?

1. AA viral common cold
2. BOral thrush
3. CPneumococcal pneumonia
4. DAllergic rhinitis

哪些特征最能描述动脉性下肢溃疡？

1. A前脚掌下无痛性溃疡，周围有厚厚的胼胝
2. B内踝上方浅表、潮湿的溃疡，周围皮肤呈棕色
3. C小腿胫前渗液的溃疡，伴下肢凹陷性水肿
4. D脚趾上疼痛、苍白、边缘整齐如凿的溃疡，足部脉搏减弱

Why are patients with mitral stenosis at high risk of atrial fibrillation?

1. AThe coronary arteries become blocked by the valve
2. BThe left atrium enlarges as it pushes blood through the narrow valve
3. CThe narrow valve presses on the sinus node and slows it down directly
4. DThe right ventricle shrinks and stops contracting properly over time

How should a patient breathe in when using a dry powder inhaler?

1. AThrough the nose with the mouthpiece in the mouth
2. BSeveral times, breathing out into the device between breaths
3. CQuickly and deeply, after breathing out away from the device
4. DSlowly and gently over about ten seconds

The monitor shows a regular broad-complex tachycardia at 180/min. The patient is alert with BP 126/78 mmHg and no chest pain. What is the most appropriate plan?

1. AStart chest compressions straight away and give a dose of IV adrenaline
2. BDeliver an unsynchronised shock immediately, before any other assessment
3. CReassure the patient, as this is a normal rhythm
4. DRecord a 12-lead ECG, call senior help and anticipate an antiarrhythmic

A patient receiving weeks of IV antibiotics through a PICC line in the left arm develops swelling and aching of that arm and neck veins that look fuller on the left. What should the nurse suspect?

1. AA catheter-related deep vein thrombosis
2. BAn expected effect of the antibiotic
3. CA local skin allergy to the dressing
4. DLymphoedema from lying in bed