内外科护理：心血管与呼吸练习卷（附答案）

What defines type 2 respiratory failure?

1. ANormal PaO₂ with a low PaCO₂
2. BHigh PaO₂ with a high bicarbonate
3. CLow PaO₂ with a raised PaCO₂
4. DLow PaO₂ with a normal or low PaCO₂

What is atelectasis?

1. AFluid in the space around the lung
2. BNarrowing of the airways caused by spasm of smooth muscle
3. CInfection of the lung tissue causing the alveoli to fill with pus
4. DCollapse of part of the lung so the alveoli contain no air

下列哪项表现最典型地提示右心衰竭？

1. A粉红色泡沫痰和双肺底细湿啰音
2. B夜间憋醒、喘不过气
3. C仅在平卧时呼吸困难
4. D下垂部位水肿和颈静脉压升高

Which feature of a COPD exacerbation most suggests that antibiotics are needed?

1. AAn increase in purulent (green or yellow) sputum
2. BA mild sore throat that lasted for one day only
3. CA dry, tickly cough with no sputum at all for a day
4. DA clear runny nose

Shortly after a permanent pacemaker is inserted via the subclavian vein, the patient becomes breathless with reduced breath sounds on that side. What complication should be suspected?

1. APneumothorax
2. BPulmonary oedema
3. CAsthma
4. DPericarditis

为什么右心室梗死时使用硝酸酯类要格外谨慎？

1. A硝酸酯类使梗死扩展到左心室
2. B硝酸酯类在此类梗死中会引起危险的高钾血症
3. C右心室依赖前负荷，血压可能急剧下降
4. D右心室受累时硝酸酯类不被吸收

Three hours after femoral cardiac catheterisation, a patient has new lower back and flank pain, a heart rate of 112/min and BP 92/60 mmHg. The groin looks normal. What should the nurse suspect?

1. ARetroperitoneal bleeding
2. BNormal back ache from lying flat
3. CAn allergic reaction to the contrast
4. DA urinary tract infection

A patient with a valid, documented do-not-attempt-CPR decision (DNACPR in the UK, DNR or DNAR in the US) is found in cardiac arrest. What should the nurse do?

1. AStart CPR but use only chest compressions
2. BStart full CPR because the patient's family is not present
3. CNot start CPR, call for support, and provide dignity and comfort
4. DCall the arrest team and let them decide whether to resuscitate