内外科护理：心血管与呼吸练习卷（附答案）

What does the term "afterload" describe?

1. AThe volume of blood returning to the right atrium each minute
2. BThe resistance the ventricle must overcome to eject blood
3. CThe time the heart takes to relax after each beat
4. DThe stretch of the ventricle before it contracts

Where does the trachea divide into the right and left main bronchi?

1. AAt the carina
2. BAt the larynx
3. CAt the alveoli
4. DAt the epiglottis

心肌梗死后，肌钙蛋白水平大约可以持续升高多长时间？

1. A仅到胸痛停止为止
2. B最长约 10–14 天
3. C约 6 个月
4. D仅最初 2 小时

How should a patient breathe in when using a pressurised metered-dose inhaler without a spacer?

1. AAs hard and fast as possible, then press the canister afterwards
2. BSlowly and deeply while pressing the canister, then hold the breath
3. CNormally, while breathing out through the mouthpiece
4. DIn short gasps through the nose while pressing the canister

Which side effect is particularly common with verapamil?

1. ADry cough
2. BHair loss
3. CDiarrhoea
4. DConstipation

哪些特征最能描述动脉性下肢溃疡？

1. A脚趾上疼痛、苍白、边缘整齐如凿的溃疡，足部脉搏减弱
2. B小腿胫前渗液的溃疡，伴下肢凹陷性水肿
3. C前脚掌下无痛性溃疡，周围有厚厚的胼胝
4. D内踝上方浅表、潮湿的溃疡，周围皮肤呈棕色

A patient with known left-sided lung cancer starts coughing up large amounts of fresh blood. While help is called, how should the patient be positioned?

1. AProne with the head turned to one side
2. BLying on the left side, with the bleeding lung down
3. CFlat on the back with the head down
4. DLying on the right side, with the bleeding lung up

A 74-year-old with atrial fibrillation, hypertension and diabetes asks why she needs an anticoagulant when she feels well. Which reply is best?

1. AIt is needed only while she has palpitations
2. BIt is given to lower her blood pressure
3. CThe anticoagulant will stop the irregular heartbeat for good
4. DHer risk of stroke is high, and an anticoagulant lowers it