内外科护理：心血管与呼吸练习卷（附答案）

What is the pulse pressure?

1. AThe difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures
2. BThe pressure measured in the right atrium at rest
3. CThe average arterial pressure over one whole cardiac cycle
4. DThe number of pulse beats counted in one minute

哪一组体征提示二氧化碳潴留（高碳酸血症）？

1. A皮肤苍白、冰冷、湿冷，脉搏细弱
2. B嗜睡、头痛、皮肤潮红和脉搏洪大
3. C一阵快速呼吸后手指和嘴唇发麻
4. D瞳孔针尖样缩小，心率极慢

哪项血液检查对心肌损伤的特异性最高？

1. A心肌肌钙蛋白
2. BC 反应蛋白
3. C乳酸脱氢酶
4. D肌酸激酶（总）

Which foot care advice is correct for a patient with peripheral arterial disease?

1. AWalk barefoot at home to strengthen the feet
2. BCheck the feet daily and wear well-fitting shoes
3. CUse a hot water bottle on the feet at night
4. DCut corns with a razor blade to prevent pressure

After repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm, which regular assessment helps detect a blocked graft or clots in the legs?

1. AMeasuring the blood glucose every hour through the night
2. BChecking the pupils' response to light
3. CChecking leg pulses, colour, warmth and sensation
4. DTesting the gag reflex every four hours after surgery

How can a patient reduce wound pain when coughing after abdominal surgery?

1. ALie flat on the back with the legs straight
2. BHold a pillow firmly against the wound while coughing
3. CAvoid coughing completely until all the stitches are removed
4. DHold the breath for as long as possible

A patient on spironolactone and an ACE inhibitor has a potassium of 6.8 mmol/L (6.8 mEq/L) with peaked T waves. What is usually given first to protect the heart?

1. AIntravenous calcium gluconate or chloride
2. BOral potassium supplements
3. CAn IV furosemide bolus as the only treatment
4. DA dose of digoxin

A patient with severe COPD has increasing ankle oedema and a raised JVP, but no crackles and a normal left ventricle on echocardiography. Which condition is most likely?

1. AAortic stenosis
2. BDeep vein thrombosis
3. CCor pulmonale
4. DLeft ventricular failure