内外科护理：心血管与呼吸练习卷（附答案）

Which serious complication is strongly linked with untreated hypertension?

1. AStroke
2. BAsthma
3. CPneumonia
4. DCataract

What does "hypovolaemia" mean?

1. AA high level of fluid in the tissues
2. BA low level of sodium in the blood
3. CA low level of haemoglobin with a normal blood volume
4. DA reduced volume of blood in the circulation

Which organism causes tuberculosis?

1. AStaphylococcus aureus
2. BPseudomonas aeruginosa
3. CMycobacterium tuberculosis
4. DCorynebacterium diphtheriae

Analysis of a pleural effusion shows it is an exudate (high protein and LDH compared with blood). Which cause is most likely?

1. ALiver cirrhosis with a low albumin
2. BPneumonia or cancer affecting the pleura
3. CNephrotic syndrome with protein lost in urine
4. DHeart failure with raised venous pressure

A patient with COPD uses an inhaled corticosteroid combination inhaler. Which risk should the nurse be aware of?

1. AAn increased risk of high blood pressure crises
2. BA sharp drop in potassium after each dose
3. CAn increased risk of pneumonia
4. DHearing loss after every dose

A patient choosing between a mechanical and a biological heart valve asks about the main difference. Which answer is accurate?

1. ABiological valves last longer but need lifelong warfarin
2. BMechanical valves wear out within one year
3. CBoth types need no medicines after surgery
4. DMechanical valves last longer but need lifelong anticoagulation

A patient with a valid, documented do-not-attempt-CPR decision (DNACPR in the UK, DNR or DNAR in the US) is found in cardiac arrest. What should the nurse do?

1. AStart CPR but use only chest compressions
2. BNot start CPR, call for support, and provide dignity and comfort
3. CStart full CPR because the patient's family is not present
4. DCall the arrest team and let them decide whether to resuscitate

一名患者的胸腔引流管被意外拔出。应立即采取什么措施？

1. A不盖住伤口，让积聚的空气排出
2. B用无菌密闭敷料封闭伤口并呼救
3. C把引流管推回胸腔并用胶带固定
4. D让患者用力咳嗽以扩张肺