内外科护理：心血管与呼吸练习卷（附答案）

How is most oxygen carried in the blood?

1. ABound to albumin and other plasma proteins
2. BDissolved freely in the plasma water
3. CBound to haemoglobin in red blood cells
4. DCarried as bicarbonate ions in the plasma

为什么高血压常被称为“沉默的杀手”？

1. A它主要发生在夜间睡眠时
2. B只能通过血液检查发现
3. C它在损害器官的同时往往没有症状
4. D它总会引起头痛，而患者学会了忽略

Legionnaires' disease is usually acquired from which source?

1. AContaminated water systems such as cooling towers and showers
2. BEating undercooked chicken or eggs bought from a market stall
3. CMosquito bites when travelling in warm, humid countries
4. DContact with cats' litter trays while cleaning them at home

A young patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy asks why they are told to avoid dehydration. What is the best explanation?

1. ADehydration is the cause of the inherited condition
2. BFluids dissolve the extra muscle in the heart wall
3. CDehydration makes the heart muscle grow thicker within a few hours
4. DLow blood volume can worsen obstruction of blood leaving the heart

A patient has just started an ACE inhibitor. Which blood tests are usually checked within the first one to two weeks?

1. ATroponin and creatine kinase
2. BLiver enzymes and amylase
3. CINR and platelet count
4. DPotassium and creatinine

How can a patient reduce wound pain when coughing after abdominal surgery?

1. AHold the breath for as long as possible
2. BLie flat on the back with the legs straight
3. CHold a pillow firmly against the wound while coughing
4. DAvoid coughing completely until all the stitches are removed

A patient taking ramipril and indapamide for hypertension starts regular ibuprofen for back pain. A week later, creatinine has risen sharply. What is the most likely cause?

1. ABack pain causing kidney damage
2. BIbuprofen raising the blood pressure to levels that damage the kidneys
3. CAn allergic reaction to the diuretic causing inflammation of the kidney
4. DAn ACE inhibitor, diuretic and NSAID together reducing kidney perfusion

A patient with stable severe COPD has a blood gas showing pH 7.37, a raised PaCO₂ and a raised bicarbonate. How should this be interpreted?

1. AChronic respiratory acidosis with metabolic compensation
2. BAcute respiratory acidosis needing emergency intubation
3. CRespiratory alkalosis from hyperventilation
4. DA normal blood gas with no abnormality