内外科护理：心血管与呼吸练习卷（附答案）

In a tension pneumothorax, which way does the trachea usually shift?

1. AUpwards towards the chin
2. BTowards the affected side
3. CIt never moves in a pneumothorax
4. DAway from the affected side

What does "myocardial infarction" mean?

1. ATemporary chest pain with no muscle damage
2. BInfection of the heart valves
3. CInflammation of the membrane that surrounds the heart
4. DDeath of heart muscle caused by a blocked blood supply

How is cystic fibrosis inherited?

1. AAutosomal recessive
2. BX-linked recessive
3. CAutosomal dominant
4. DIt is not inherited

A patient with a regular narrow-complex tachycardia of 180/min is alert with a normal blood pressure. What is usually tried first?

1. AAn immediate unsynchronised shock with the defibrillator
2. BA large oral dose of digoxin
3. CChest compressions until the rate slows
4. DVagal manoeuvres such as a modified Valsalva

How does intermittent pneumatic compression help prevent DVT?

1. AIt breaks up and dissolves clots that have already formed in the veins
2. BIt warms the legs gently so the blood becomes thinner and flows faster
3. CIt keeps the legs completely still to protect the veins
4. DIt squeezes the legs in cycles to push venous blood towards the heart

A patient has a prosthetic heart valve. Which teaching best reduces the risk of infective endocarditis?

1. AAvoid all physical exercise for the rest of their life
2. BAvoid eating dairy products and raw vegetables
3. CKeep teeth and gums healthy with regular dental check-ups
4. DTake a daily antibiotic tablet indefinitely

A ventilated patient suddenly desaturates to 82%. The cause is not obvious and the ventilator alarms are sounding. What should the nurse do first?

1. ADisconnect and hand-ventilate with 100% oxygen while calling for help
2. BChange the ventilator settings to a higher rate
3. CIncrease the sedation and watch the monitor for the next half hour
4. DSilence the alarm and wait for the result of the next routine blood gas

Why is the cuff pressure of an endotracheal or tracheostomy tube checked regularly?

1. AToo high a pressure damages the trachea; too low allows aspiration
2. BThe cuff pressure directly controls the patient's oxygen saturation
3. CThe cuff pressure sets the ventilator's breathing rate
4. DThe cuff must be kept fully deflated in every ventilated patient