内外科护理：心血管与呼吸练习卷（附答案）

What is Cheyne–Stokes breathing?

1. AA harsh, high-pitched sound on breathing in through the throat
2. BBreathing only through pursed lips
3. CCycles of deeper then shallower breaths followed by a pause
4. DConstant deep, fast breathing that never changes in depth

In pericarditis, which structure is inflamed?

1. AThe heart muscle itself
2. BThe coronary arteries
3. CThe inner lining of the heart chambers
4. DThe sac that surrounds the heart

What is the approximate tidal volume of a resting adult?

1. AAbout 500 mL
2. BAbout 50 mL
3. CAbout 5 litres
4. DAbout 1.5 litres

监护仪显示心室颤动。患者无反应，呼吸不正常。关键的治疗是什么？

1. A深度镇静下的同步电复律
2. B快速静脉注射腺苷，随后冲管
3. C静脉注射阿托品和体外起搏
4. D尽快进行心肺复苏和除颤

什么是射血分数？

1. A每次心搏射出的心室血量所占的百分比
2. B舒张期充盈末期左心室内的压力
3. C每次心跳泵出的血量
4. D心脏每分钟泵出的血量

Which foot care advice is correct for a patient with peripheral arterial disease?

1. ACheck the feet daily and wear well-fitting shoes
2. BCut corns with a razor blade to prevent pressure
3. CUse a hot water bottle on the feet at night
4. DWalk barefoot at home to strengthen the feet

A patient has sudden severe chest pain spreading to the back between the shoulder blades. Which finding most supports aortic dissection rather than myocardial infarction?

1. APain that started at rest
2. BSweating, nausea and pallor that started with the pain
3. CA heart rate of 104/min and a respiratory rate of 22/min
4. DA large difference in blood pressure between the arms

A ventilated patient with severe ARDS is to be turned prone. What is the main reason, and the key nursing risk?

1. AIt improves digestion and gut motility; the main risk is constipation
2. BIt treats infection; the risk is fever
3. CIt improves oxygenation; risks are pressure injury and tube displacement
4. DIt lowers the blood pressure; the main risk is rebound hypertension