内外科护理：心血管与呼吸练习卷（附答案）

Which precautions are needed for a patient with suspected infectious pulmonary tuberculosis?

1. AContact precautions with gloves only
2. BProtective isolation for the patient's own sake
3. CStandard precautions only
4. DAirborne precautions with a respirator mask

What is the role of surfactant in the lungs?

1. AIt kills bacteria that reach the alveoli from the air
2. BIt moves mucus up towards the throat
3. CIt lowers surface tension so the alveoli stay open
4. DIt carries oxygen across the membrane into the blood

Which electrolyte do ACE inhibitors commonly raise?

1. APotassium
2. BCalcium
3. CSodium
4. DMagnesium

为什么右心室梗死时使用硝酸酯类要格外谨慎？

1. A硝酸酯类使梗死扩展到左心室
2. B右心室受累时硝酸酯类不被吸收
3. C硝酸酯类在此类梗死中会引起危险的高钾血症
4. D右心室依赖前负荷，血压可能急剧下降

A patient is starting long-term amiodarone. Which teaching and monitoring are most important?

1. AEat extra salt and stop the drug as soon as the pulse is regular
2. BProtect skin from sunlight and have thyroid, liver and lung checks
3. CAvoid dairy products and have the INR checked once at the start
4. DExpect orange urine and no need for blood tests

A woman had lymph nodes removed from her left armpit for breast cancer. Which advice helps reduce the risk of lymphoedema?

1. AKeep the left arm hanging down and as still as possible all day
2. BAvoid BP cuffs and injections on the left arm where possible
3. CUse only the left arm for heavy lifting to build up its muscles
4. DApply tight jewellery to the left wrist

Four hours after abdominal surgery, a patient's heart rate has risen from 84 to 122/min and they are restless and pale. BP is still 118/76 mmHg, and the surgical drain is filling with blood. What should the nurse conclude?

1. AThe tachycardia is from pain and needs only analgesia
2. BThe patient is stable because the blood pressure is normal
3. CThe drain is working well, so no action is needed
4. DEarly haemorrhagic shock is likely, so escalate urgently

Three days after an MI, a patient faints on the commode while straining hard to open the bowels. The heart rate was 42/min at the time. What is the most likely mechanism?

1. AA new pulmonary embolism
2. BAn allergic reaction to the commode
3. CLow blood glucose from fasting
4. DA vagal response to straining